Difference between revisions of "Week Three Team Exercise"

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* Planned shipment of tobacco from Tobago to Amsterdam
 
* Planned shipment of tobacco from Tobago to Amsterdam
 
- The ship the ''Morning Starr'' was sent directly from Amsterdam to Tobago in summer 1656 with a cargo of goods to trade or truck for tobacco, but the timing was poor, so the ship went on to the "Wilde coast of the West Indies" where Claus Willems, the Dutch master of the same ship, successfully acquired a cargo of tobacco. [[HCA 13/72 f.137r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/72 f.137r]]
 
- The ship the ''Morning Starr'' was sent directly from Amsterdam to Tobago in summer 1656 with a cargo of goods to trade or truck for tobacco, but the timing was poor, so the ship went on to the "Wilde coast of the West Indies" where Claus Willems, the Dutch master of the same ship, successfully acquired a cargo of tobacco. [[HCA 13/72 f.137r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/72 f.137r]]
 +
 +
* Tobacco laded aboard the ship the ''David'' of London at the port of Saphia on the Barbary coast, North Africa, for a voyage from Saphia to the Canaries, for the account of Thomas Warren, London merchant [HCA 13/73 f.731v]
 
----
 
----
 
===Q9: How long did it take to load tobacco into a ship in Virginia?===
 
===Q9: How long did it take to load tobacco into a ship in Virginia?===
Line 214: Line 216:
 
* The London grocer, James Jauncy, stated that in recent years Virginia hogsheads had increased in size:
 
* The London grocer, James Jauncy, stated that in recent years Virginia hogsheads had increased in size:
 
- "three hogsheads of Virginia hogsheads of tobacco are commonly accounted to a tonne to be thence laded for Ireland and other parts whereout they are hence frequently transported, and indeed they videlicet three of those [XXXX GUTTER] taken up (as hee saith) ordinarily and commonly as much roome and tonnage as a tonne of any sort of wine or other liquid goods, or rather more. And saith that within and for the space of theise foure or five yeares last Virginia hogsheads have bin commonly [?amended] and are much bigger than before that time they used to be, namely hee saith that three of them are and have bin within the said yeares commonly as bigg bigg as foure of them used to be about twelve or fourteene yeeres since." [[HCA 13/72 f.463v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/72 f.463v]]
 
- "three hogsheads of Virginia hogsheads of tobacco are commonly accounted to a tonne to be thence laded for Ireland and other parts whereout they are hence frequently transported, and indeed they videlicet three of those [XXXX GUTTER] taken up (as hee saith) ordinarily and commonly as much roome and tonnage as a tonne of any sort of wine or other liquid goods, or rather more. And saith that within and for the space of theise foure or five yeares last Virginia hogsheads have bin commonly [?amended] and are much bigger than before that time they used to be, namely hee saith that three of them are and have bin within the said yeares commonly as bigg bigg as foure of them used to be about twelve or fourteene yeeres since." [[HCA 13/72 f.463v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/72 f.463v]]
 +
 +
* The Whitechapel merchant William Wood, was one of the owners of the ''Alexander'', which was freighted for transportation tobacco from Virginia to London, stated that: "usually three hogsheads of tobaccoe such as they commonly calle Virginia hogsheads of Tobaccoe are usually of that bulke (this deponent having seene many of them) that they cannot chuse in this deponents Judgment but take up much moore stowage and roome in a shipp than fower hogsheads of wyne" [[HCA 13/72 f.336v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/72 f.226v]]
  
 
* Case: Involving the ship the ''King of Poland''
 
* Case: Involving the ship the ''King of Poland''
Line 241: Line 245:
 
--[William Watson was master of the ship the ''Alexander'' in 1653 and 1654, and contracted with Armiger Warner "and lett him the sayd shipp to ffreight for a voyage to bee made from ffalmouth in England to Corke in Ireland and thense to Yorke River or Rapahannack in Virgina thense to London and to lade in Virginia and bring thense to London three hundred tonnes of Tobaccoe accompting fower Virginia hogsheads to every tonne"[http://annotatehca1371.wikispot.org/HCA_13/71_f.401v_Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e HCA 13/71 f.401v]
 
--[William Watson was master of the ship the ''Alexander'' in 1653 and 1654, and contracted with Armiger Warner "and lett him the sayd shipp to ffreight for a voyage to bee made from ffalmouth in England to Corke in Ireland and thense to Yorke River or Rapahannack in Virgina thense to London and to lade in Virginia and bring thense to London three hundred tonnes of Tobaccoe accompting fower Virginia hogsheads to every tonne"[http://annotatehca1371.wikispot.org/HCA_13/71_f.401v_Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e HCA 13/71 f.401v]
 
-- Supposedly an Achamack merchant in Virginia had surplus contracted freight opn the ship the ''Anne Cleeve'' and ws prepared to sell the freight capacity on at £7 per tonnne, twenty shillings per tonne below the going rate in May 1654 [[HCA 13/71 f.390r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/71 f.390r]]
 
-- Supposedly an Achamack merchant in Virginia had surplus contracted freight opn the ship the ''Anne Cleeve'' and ws prepared to sell the freight capacity on at £7 per tonnne, twenty shillings per tonne below the going rate in May 1654 [[HCA 13/71 f.390r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/71 f.390r]]
 +
--The ship the ''Alexander'' had a burthen of 300 tonnes
  
 
[INSERT DATA]
 
[INSERT DATA]
Line 290: Line 295:
 
- XXX [HCA 13/72 f.11v]
 
- XXX [HCA 13/72 f.11v]
 
-- "it was of the best sort of Bourdeaux tobaccoe and as good as any was made that season, and this was soe written and sent to this deponent ánd partner before the seizure of the said tobaccoe in question, and for theise reasons hee saith hee is well assured and knoweth that the said tobaccoe was at the time of the said lading and of the seizure thereof worth at Morlaix nine sols per pound at the least, and that soe it would gave there yeelded. And saith that according to the said advise from the said lader, the said tobaccoe was in quantitie foure tonnes of tobaccoe and amounted in weight to 8197 pounds, referring himselfe for the more certaintie of the quantitie and weight to the bill of lading for the same [UNCLEAR IF DELETED which this deponent] hath seene, and is viewing in this Court, And saith further that the time arlate, namely in and about the moneth of March 1654 and 1655 tobaccoes of that or like sort sold and were vended at Morlaix at nine sols per pound one with another, soe that the said tobaccoe of the said mr harbyns, being as aforesaid eight thousand one hundred ninetie seaven pounds would have made and amounted to - 3688 livres 13 sols, which after the rate of the then exchange amounted to two hundred eightie two pounds and odd shillings sterling, the exchange then being as hee saith from Morlaix to London fiftie five pence English to the ffrench crowne." [[HCA 13/72 f.11v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/72 f.11v]]
 
-- "it was of the best sort of Bourdeaux tobaccoe and as good as any was made that season, and this was soe written and sent to this deponent ánd partner before the seizure of the said tobaccoe in question, and for theise reasons hee saith hee is well assured and knoweth that the said tobaccoe was at the time of the said lading and of the seizure thereof worth at Morlaix nine sols per pound at the least, and that soe it would gave there yeelded. And saith that according to the said advise from the said lader, the said tobaccoe was in quantitie foure tonnes of tobaccoe and amounted in weight to 8197 pounds, referring himselfe for the more certaintie of the quantitie and weight to the bill of lading for the same [UNCLEAR IF DELETED which this deponent] hath seene, and is viewing in this Court, And saith further that the time arlate, namely in and about the moneth of March 1654 and 1655 tobaccoes of that or like sort sold and were vended at Morlaix at nine sols per pound one with another, soe that the said tobaccoe of the said mr harbyns, being as aforesaid eight thousand one hundred ninetie seaven pounds would have made and amounted to - 3688 livres 13 sols, which after the rate of the then exchange amounted to two hundred eightie two pounds and odd shillings sterling, the exchange then being as hee saith from Morlaix to London fiftie five pence English to the ffrench crowne." [[HCA 13/72 f.11v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/72 f.11v]]
 +
 +
* Export of tobacco from London to Berghen (Norway)
 +
- " hee goeing Masters Mate as aforesayd knoweth that the ''Recovery'' carried to Bergen seaven hundred weight of Tobaccoe [[HCA 13/71 f.442v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/71 f.442v]]
 +
 +
* Export of tobacco from London to Barbary coast
 +
- " hides and waxe are very [XX]dible comodities in the parts of Spaine or the medera Ilands and the same might have bin sold there for a very greate and considerable profitt and advantage to the said Thomas Batt in case the said Cargazon of Tobaccoes had beene exchanged" [[HCA 13/65 f.107r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/65 f.107r]]
 
----
 
----
 
===Q18: What goods were traded from Europe to Virginia?===
 
===Q18: What goods were traded from Europe to Virginia?===
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'''Thomas Cowell and company against the Tobaccoes brought to this port in the ''Successe'''''
 
'''Thomas Cowell and company against the Tobaccoes brought to this port in the ''Successe'''''
 
- aka: Cowell and Company against the Tobaccoes in the ''Successe'' aforesaid
 
- aka: Cowell and Company against the Tobaccoes in the ''Successe'' aforesaid
−
- [[HCA 13/72 f.124r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Richard Harris]] of the parish of Saint Buttolphs Algate London Mariner, aged 27 yeeres
+
- 1. [[HCA 13/72 f.124r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Richard Harris]] of the parish of Saint Buttolphs Algate London Mariner, aged 27 yeeres
 
- 2. [[HCA 13/72 f.125r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Captaine Zachary Browne]] late Commander of the shipp the ''Successe'' in the immediate service of this Commonwealth
 
- 2. [[HCA 13/72 f.125r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Captaine Zachary Browne]] late Commander of the shipp the ''Successe'' in the immediate service of this Commonwealth
 
- 3. [[HCA 13/72 f.125r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Abraham Barnaby]] of the little Tower hill one of the Customehouse waiters, aged 30 yeeres
 
- 3. [[HCA 13/72 f.125r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Abraham Barnaby]] of the little Tower hill one of the Customehouse waiters, aged 30 yeeres
 +
 +
Touching Tobaccoes taken out of the Virgin Mary prize Da Rosar for the State
 +
- [[HCA 13/72 f.57r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|George Crapnell]] mariner, Master of the ''Essex frigot'' in the imediate service of this Commonwealth
  
 
* John Jeffreyes and Robert Lewellin against Jacob Moulson
 
* John Jeffreyes and Robert Lewellin against Jacob Moulson
 +
- 1. [[HCA 13/72 f.141v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Robert Oldfeild]] of Spalding in the County of Lincoln gentleman aged twenty two yeares
 +
- 2. [[HCA 13/72 f.144r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Samuell Church]] of Writtle in Essex Mariner aged twenty sixe yeares
 +
- 3. [[HCA 13/72 f.186v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Abraham Clarke]] of debtford in Kent shipwright Carpenter of the shipp ''Unitie'' the voyage in question aged twenty five yeare
  
 
* Warren against Watson and How
 
* Warren against Watson and How
 +
- 1. [[HCA 13/72 f.463r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Simon Messinger]] of Shadwell in the County of Middlesex Cooper aged 40 yeeres
 +
- 2. [[HCA 13/72 f.463v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|John Goodman]] of the parish of Saint Catherin Coleman [XXX GUTTER] London Cooper, aged 34 yeares
 +
- 3. [[HCA 13/72 f.463v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|James Jauncy]] of the parish of Saint Lawrence Jury London citizen and Grocer of London aged 34 yeares
 +
- 4. [[HCA 13/72 f.464r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Mathew Travis]] of the parish of Saint John Evangelist London citizen and salter of London aged 50 yeeres
 +
 +
Warner against Matson and how [Examined on an allegation given in on the behalfe of the sayd Watson and howe]
 +
- aka: Warner against Watson and howe
 +
- 1. [[HCA 13/72 f.321v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|Captaine Thomas Taylor]] of Wapping Shipwright aged 56 yeares
 +
- 2. [[HCA 13/72 f.336r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|William Wood]] of Wapping in the parish of Saint Mary Matsellon alias Whitechappell and County of Middlesex Merchant aged forty nyne yeares
  
 
'''HCA 13/73'''
 
'''HCA 13/73'''
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- Deposition by John Jefferies of London merchant [[HCA 13/71 f.235v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/71 f.235v]]
 
- Deposition by John Jefferies of London merchant [[HCA 13/71 f.235v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/71 f.235v]]
 
-- Deponent "hath for divers yeares last past used the trade of a Merchant to Virginia"
 
-- Deponent "hath for divers yeares last past used the trade of a Merchant to Virginia"
 +
 +
Robert Llewellin
 +
- ?
 +
- b.?, d.?
 +
- Partner of John Jefferis/Jefferies in the tobacco trade [[HCA 13/72 f.141v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/72 f.141v]]
  
 
Mathew Travis
 
Mathew Travis
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- Brother of Nicholas Trott, merchant of Yorke Towne, Virginia
 
- Brother of Nicholas Trott, merchant of Yorke Towne, Virginia
 
- Case: Involving the ship the ''King of Poland'', shipping tobacco from the Bermudas and Virginia to London in 1655 [[HCA 13/71 f.249r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/72 f.249r]]
 
- Case: Involving the ship the ''King of Poland'', shipping tobacco from the Bermudas and Virginia to London in 1655 [[HCA 13/71 f.249r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/72 f.249r]]
 +
 +
Willielmus Woolrich
 +
- de parochia Sancti Clemtis East cheape Aromatarius annos agens 26
 +
- "Negroes brought from Angola or parts thereabouts are worth, and doe usually yield and produce at Virginia thirty five pound sterling per head one with another, or the value thereof in goods and commodities there growing, which this deponent knoweth for that he hath been both on the coast of Guiney, and also at Virginia in the quality of Purser of a ship, and hath seen Guiney negroes sold at Virginia ordinarily for thirty pounds and for five and thirty pounds sterling a piece" [[HCA 13/73 f.590r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/73 f.590r]]
 
----
 
----
 
===London Coopers===
 
===London Coopers===
Line 395: Line 430:
  
 
Nicholas Trott, merchant of Yorke Towne, Virginia
 
Nicholas Trott, merchant of Yorke Towne, Virginia
 +
- "Mr Nicholas Trott a Virginia merchant living in Yorke towne in Virginia came to this deponent and shewed him a Note from the foresaid Hellin or Ellinor Wheeler wherein this deponent was desired to give bills of Lading to the said Mr Nicholas Trott, which this deponent did consent unto and the same being filled up by the said Trott or his order this deponent signed the same, and therein hee saith it was mentioned that the said Tobaccoes were Laden by the said Nicholas Trott though in truth they were not(and the same were Consigned to Perryn (or Perrent Trott here in London, brother to the said Nicholas"[[HCA 13/73 f.556v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/73 f.556v]]
 +
 +
William Whittington of A[?rkamack] in Virginia Merchant aged fourtie yeares and upwards, William (?Melling) of the same place Marchant aged 49 yeares or thereabouts, and James Cade of the citie of London Merchant aged 52 yeares [HCA 13/73 f.736r]
 +
 +
----
 +
===Virginia factors and correspondents engaged in tobacco trade===
 +
 +
Robert Oldfeild
 +
- b. ca. 1635, d.?1667
 +
- Twenty-two year old gentleman of Spalding in the county of Lincoln
 +
- Oldfeild was sent out on the ship the ''Unitie'', from London via Dublin, bound for Maryland in Virginia, as a factor of John Jeffrey's partner in the tobacco trade, Robert Llewellin.  The ''Unitie'' was abadoned on the island of Antego, and Oldfeild never made it to Virginia.
 +
- Oldfeild stated in the Admiralty Court that he was "a servant of the sayd Lewellin who was by him sent to reside and continue with one Mr Cornwallis a factor of the sayd Lewellins in Mary Land at Virginia there to keepe the sayd Cornwallis his bookes of Accompts and learne the trade of Merchandizing" [[HCA 13/72 f.143v Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/72 f.143v]]
 
----
 
----
 
===Planters===
 
===Planters===
  
−
[INSERT DATA]
+
Thomas Beale of Yorke in Virginia Planter aged 50 yeeres [[HCA 13/73 f.555r Annotate#head-7792b396c165940a2ef3372031f6dbb64b71233e|HCA 13/73 f.55r]]
 
----
 
----
 
===Politicians===
 
===Politicians===
Line 405: Line 452:
  
 
----
 
----
−
==Tobacco ships, by year of departure from England==
+
==Tobacco ships, by year of departure from Europe==
 
----
 
----
−
===1653===
+
===1650===
 +
 
 +
''ffortune'' of Middleborowe (1650 & 1651). Seized by the English at Virginia [HCA 13/65 f.34v]
 +
----
 +
===1651===
  
 
[INSERT DATA]
 
[INSERT DATA]
 +
----
 +
===1652===
 +
 +
[INSERT DATA]
 +
----
 +
===1653===
 +
 +
''Alexander'' of London (1653 & 1654)
 
----
 
----
 
===1654===
 
===1654===
  
−
''Alexander'' of London (1654)
+
''Hopefull Luke'' (1654)
 +
''Unitie'' (1654)
 +
''Providence'' (1654)
 +
''Seaven Sisters'' (1654 & 1655)
 
''William'' of London (1654 & 1655)
 
''William'' of London (1654 & 1655)
 
----
 
----
 
===1655===
 
===1655===
  
−
[INSERT DATA]
+
''King of Poland'' (1655)
 
----
 
----
 
===1656===
 
===1656===
  
−
[INSERT DATA]
+
''Morning Starr'' of Amsterdam [Amsterdam bound forTobago]
 +
''Recovery'' of Bristol [sugar and tobacco from Barbados]
 
----
 
----
 
===1657===
 
===1657===
Line 445: Line 508:
 
''Golden Lyon''
 
''Golden Lyon''
 
''John and Katherine''
 
''John and Katherine''
−
''King of Poland''
 
 
''Peter and Jane'' of London
 
''Peter and Jane'' of London
−
''Providence'' of London
 
 
''Sea horse''
 
''Sea horse''
 
''Summer Islands Merchant''
 
''Summer Islands Merchant''

Latest revision as of 13:20, July 6, 2014

Week Three Team Exercise


Editorial history

Created 15/06/14 by CSG


Purpose of page

This page sets our a team exercise which Team Three will we working on in Week Three of the MarineLives 2014 Summer Programme


Contents



Suggested links


Virginia tobacco trade in the 1650s


Goals


  • To develop our research skills to explore places and material goods, using Virginia and Tobacco as a case example



Search hints


General search hints

Search the three major wikis (in terms of numbers of transcribed and searchable pages)

AnnotateHCA1371 Front_Page
AnnotateHCA1372 Front_Page
AnnotateHCA1373 Front_Page

You may also wish to search

AnnotateHCA1364 Front_Page

Researching Virginia in the Admiralty Court Records

Think about geographical search terms and their spelling variants, e.g.

  • Aramack/Achamack
  • James River
  • Jamestowne/Jamestown/James Towne/James Town
  • Nausemum
  • Potomack
  • Rapahannuck/Rapahannocke
  • Rappahannack River
  • River of Nansemum/River of Nausemum
  • Virginia
  • Yorke River/York River


Researching Tobacco in the Admiralty Court Records

Think about orthographical variation of the basic search term for tobacco

  • Tobacco
  • Tobaccoe
  • Tobaccoes
  • Virginia Leafe Tobaccoe
  • Varinas Tobacco HCA 13/72 f.137v
  • Tobaccoe Plants
  • Other variants?
  • Tobacconist



Questions to explore


What were the ports of origin of ships visiting Virginia, and what routes did they take?

  • Direct voyages from London and Bristol to Virginia?
  • Indirect voyages from London (and elsewhere) via Guinea Coast and Angolan Coast of Africa?


Can you identify trading links between Virginia and Barbados, between Virginia and New England, and Virginia and the Bermudas?

  • What goods were traded between these places?


When did the London and Bristol ships arrive each year at Virginia? How long did they stay? When did they depart with tobacco for London?

Can you identify ships and merchants from Amsterdam trading with Virginia?

What was the cost of passage for a passenger from London to Virginia, and how did it compare with the cost of passage for a passage for a passenger from Bristol to Virginia?

Can you identify the names of correspondents or agents of London merchants in Virginia?

  • Were these correspondents or agents family members? If not, how were they related to the London merchants?


Can you find evidence of private trade in tobacco by officers and ordinary seamen on board ships travelling from Virginia to Europe?

Did tobacco come just from Virginia?

  • Antego? Bermudas? Barbados? Brazil? Nevis/Mevis? Spanish West Indies?


How long did it take to load tobacco into a ship in Virginia?

How did merchants and planters in Virginia contract with ship owners and ship masters to freight tobacco to Europe?

How was tobacco transported and stored?

  • Hogsheads? barrells? rolls? parcells? Manaco's?


What was the carrying capacity of ships from Virginia to England?

  • Hogsheads per ship?
  • Hogsheads per tunn of ship's burthen?


What was the role of the cooper in the transportation and storage of tobacco?

- Can you find witness statements by coopers describing what they did with tobacco?

What was the price or value of tobacco in Virginia vs. London?

  • Price in sterling?
  • Price in sugar equivalent?
  • Price in non-sterling currencies?


Did tobacco price changes vary seasonally and/or between years?

How was tobacco distributed and sold once it arrived in London?

  • Role of grocers? Role of tobacconists?


Can you find evidence of tobacco sale and use in English ports and towns outside London?

What evidence is there of transhipment of Virginia tobacco via London (and other English ports) to other ports in Europe?

  • Spain?
  • Canary Islands?
  • Mediterranean Ports?
  • Other geographical regions?


What goods were traded from Europe to Virginia?


Research hints


Q1: What were the ports of origin of ships visiting Virginia, and what routes did they take?


  • Direct voyages from London and Bristol to Virginia?
  • Indirect voyages from London (and elsewhere) via Guinea Coast and Angolan Coast of Africa?


  • Case: Involving the ship the King of Poland, shipping tobacco from the Bermudas and Virginia to London in 1655 HCA 13/72 f.249r
  • Case: Involving the ship the Anne of London which travelled from London to Guinea Coast, collecting negro slaves and elephants teeth at Guinea, and delivering the slaves in Virginia, before returning to London with tobacco and elephants teeth HCA 13/71 f.198v


[INSERT DATA]


Q2: Can you identify trading links between Virginia and Barbados, between Virginia and New England, and Virginia and the Bermudas?


  • What goods were traded between these places?


[INSERT DATA]


Q3: When did the London and Bristol ships arrive each year at Virginia? How long did they stay? When did they depart with tobacco for London?


[INSERT DATA]


Q4: Can you identify ships and merchants from Amsterdam trading with Virginia?


[INSERT DATA]


Q5: What was the cost of passage for a passenger from London to Virginia, and how did it compare with the cost of passage for a passage for a passenger from Bristol to Virginia?


[INSERT DATA]


Q6: Can you identify the names of correspondents or agents of London merchants in Virginia?


  • Were these correspondents or agents family members? If not, how were they related to the London merchants?


  • Shipment of tobacco from Tobago to Amsterdam in the ship the Morning Starr

- "seaven hundred pounds weight of tobaccoe, all contained in seaven and thirtie greate and severall small rolls of tobaccoe, six greate and tenn small fats or barrells of tobaccoe and a cask of tobaccoes, all which were laden aboard the said shipp to be transported for Amsterdam for his said owners and his account respectively as aforesaid HCA 13/72 f.137r


Q7: Can you find evidence of private trade in tobacco by officers and ordinary seamen on board ships travelling from Virginia to Europe?


[INSERT DATA]


Q8: Did tobacco come just from Virginia?


  • Antego? Bermudas? Barbados? Brazil? Nevis/Mevis? Spanish West Indies?


  • Shipment of tobacco from the Bermudas to London

- Tobacco was loaded onto the ship the Summers Islands Merchant at the Bermudas by Loys Taylor, wife of Thomas Taylor, to be shipped to England: "the arlate Thomas Taylor and Loijs Taylor his wife were, Commonly accounted and reputed the true and Lawfull owners and Proprietors of Eight and twenty Cedar Chests, which contained and were filled (as this deponent verily beleeveth) with Tobaccoe; and alsoe sixty six Rolls of Tobaccoe, and of foure more Rolls of Tobaccoe, and of a quantity of Oranges, All which said goods hee saith were Laden aboard the arlate Ship the Summer Islands Merchant John Jenkins Master at the Bermudas by the said Loys Taylor, (who was then there) to be thence Transported into England here to be delivered to the said Thomas or Loys Taylor: or their Assignes" HCA 13/73 f.34r

  • Shipment of tobacco from Cuba to Spain

- "the said tobaccoes were brought thither in a Spanish shipp, and came from a port in the Island of Cuba under subiection of the king of Spaine, and were belonging to Spaniards" HCA 13/72 f.125r

  • Shipment of tobacco from Brazil to Portugal

- "all the said sugars Tobaccoes and Brazeele wood in his deposition to the next precedent article mentioned and which were so putt and Laden in and on board the said shipp as aforesaid did growe and were made in fernambuco and other parts thereabouts in other parts of the Brazeele" HCA 13/72 f.508A

  • Shipment of tobacco from Cartagena in Spanish West Indies to Spain

- "at the time of the lading of the said tobaccoes at Cartagena in the West Indies on board the said shipp, all the severall Potacco's of tobacco, namely aswell those laden by and for account of the said producent as the said other foure hundred and upwards were all marked and had visible markes thereon, and that there were not any Potaccoe or Potacoe's of tobacco laden or received aboard the said shipp the said voyage without marke" HCA 13/72 f.113v

  • Shipment of tobacco from Santa Domingo to Cadiz

- The ship the Nicholas was seized by the Maidstone frigot carrying "tobaccoes, hides and some Cuckaw", coming "from Santa Domingo for Cadiz" HCA 13/72 f.112r

  • Planned shipment of tobacco from Tobago to Amsterdam

- The ship the Morning Starr was sent directly from Amsterdam to Tobago in summer 1656 with a cargo of goods to trade or truck for tobacco, but the timing was poor, so the ship went on to the "Wilde coast of the West Indies" where Claus Willems, the Dutch master of the same ship, successfully acquired a cargo of tobacco. HCA 13/72 f.137r

  • Tobacco laded aboard the ship the David of London at the port of Saphia on the Barbary coast, North Africa, for a voyage from Saphia to the Canaries, for the account of Thomas Warren, London merchant [HCA 13/73 f.731v]

Q9: How long did it take to load tobacco into a ship in Virginia?


[INSERT DATA]


Q10: How did merchants and planters in Virginia contract with ship owners and ship masters to freight tobacco to Europe?


  • According to the books of account of the supra cargo on the ship the Alexander, which was contracted to carry tobacco from Virginia to England, freight per tonne of tobacco varied between £8 per tonne and £10 per tonne in 1654 HCA 13/71 f.402r


  • John Jefferey's Virginia correspondents switched transportation of Virginia tobacco from the ship the Alexander to the ship the Providence, when (allegedly) forty shillings per tonne more than agreed was requested for freight of tobacco on the Alexander HCA 13/71 f.236r

Q11: How was tobacco transported and stored?


  • Hogsheads? barrells? rolls? parcells? Manaco's? Canasters? Casks? Potaccoes?


  • The Wikipedia article on "Hogshead" states that "A tobacco hogshead was used in British and American colonial times to transport and store tobacco. It was a very large wooden barrel. A standardized hogshead measured 48 inches (1,219 mm) long and 30 inches (762 mm) in diameter at the head (at least 550 L or 121 imp gal; 145 US gal, depending on the width in the middle). Fully packed with tobacco, it weighed about 1,000 pounds (454 kg)."


  • The London grocer, James Jauncy, stated that in recent years Virginia hogsheads had increased in size:

- "three hogsheads of Virginia hogsheads of tobacco are commonly accounted to a tonne to be thence laded for Ireland and other parts whereout they are hence frequently transported, and indeed they videlicet three of those [XXXX GUTTER] taken up (as hee saith) ordinarily and commonly as much roome and tonnage as a tonne of any sort of wine or other liquid goods, or rather more. And saith that within and for the space of theise foure or five yeares last Virginia hogsheads have bin commonly [?amended] and are much bigger than before that time they used to be, namely hee saith that three of them are and have bin within the said yeares commonly as bigg bigg as foure of them used to be about twelve or fourteene yeeres since." HCA 13/72 f.463v

  • The Whitechapel merchant William Wood, was one of the owners of the Alexander, which was freighted for transportation tobacco from Virginia to London, stated that: "usually three hogsheads of tobaccoe such as they commonly calle Virginia hogsheads of Tobaccoe are usually of that bulke (this deponent having seene many of them) that they cannot chuse in this deponents Judgment but take up much moore stowage and roome in a shipp than fower hogsheads of wyne" HCA 13/72 f.226v


  • Case: Involving the ship the King of Poland

- "the King of Poland lay in the Moneth of June 1655 at the Bermudas and then and there tooke in divers hogsheads chests butts and barrells of Tobaccoes to a good quantitie which she was to carrie thense to Virginia, and there take in other tobaccoes and returne with both the sayd tobaccoes videlicet that laden at Bermudas and that laden at Virginia to London and there unlade and deliver them both" HCA 13/71 f.254r

  • Case: Involving the ship the King of Poland

- Carpenter of the King of Poland reported that she was an old ship, but neverthless tight, staunch, and sufficient. The ship took in above four feet of water in her hold before she got to Plymouth in England, due to heavy storms HCA 13/71 f.256v

  • After arriving in London, tobacco was stored in warehouses and cellars

- Tobacconist Johannes Basford of Saint Stephens Colemanstreet inspected 24 or 25 hogsheads of Virginia Tobacco "lying in a Celler in Saint mary at hill", and found them largely to be in good condition HCA 13/73 f.534r

  • For testimony on Bermudan tobacco delivered to Plymouth, England, in wet, spoiled condition, see HCA 13/73 f.45r


  • "there were certaine tobaccoes namely three hundred and thirteene Canasters and or thereabouts and five thousand and odd Manucoes of tobaccoe brought to this port of London in the shipp the Successe (whereof his precontest Zachary Browne was comander) ariving in this port from Jamaica in or about the beginning of August last" HCA 13/72 f.125r


  • "they did barter away severall parcells of the said outwards lading, and therewith bought and acquired upwards of eight thousand weight of tobaccoe (as hee estimateth the quantitie) contained in seaven ánd thirtie greate rolls and severall small rolls of tobaccoe, six greate barreles, and tenn small barells of tobaccoe and one caske of tobaccoe, all which were laden aboard the said shipp at or neere the Wilde coast of the West Indies to be transported for holland for the account of the said owners" HCA 13/72 f.134v


  • Merchants marks were made on canvas labels, which were sewed to the potaccoes of tobacco, on a Spanish ship

--Don Diego de la Baton, Master of the ahip the Virgin Mary and All Saints of Cartagena, stated that on his ship "all the severall Potacco's of tobacco, namely aswell those laden by and for account of the said producent as the said other foure hundred and upwards were all marked and had visible markes thereon, and that there were not any Potaccoe or Potacoe's of tobacco laden or received aboard the said shipp the said voyage without marke...the markes with which the said potaccoes were all marked at the time of the said lading, were made upon peeces of canvas (namely a peece of canvas to each potaccoe of tobaccoe) the said peeces of canvas being each about the bignes of a mans hand, and were all sewed or stitched with thredd unto the Potacco's, and all which hee knoweth seeing the same to be in such manner marked, and taking notice thereof, and comming from Cartagena commander of the said shipp" HCA 13/72 f.113v


Q12: What was the carrying capacity of ships from Virginia to England?


  • Hogsheads per ship?
  • Hogsheads per tunn of ship's burthen?


- Case: Warner against Howe and Watson
--[William Watson was master of the ship the Alexander in 1653 and 1654, and contracted with Armiger Warner "and lett him the sayd shipp to ffreight for a voyage to bee made from ffalmouth in England to Corke in Ireland and thense to Yorke River or Rapahannack in Virgina thense to London and to lade in Virginia and bring thense to London three hundred tonnes of Tobaccoe accompting fower Virginia hogsheads to every tonne"HCA 13/71 f.401v
-- Supposedly an Achamack merchant in Virginia had surplus contracted freight opn the ship the Anne Cleeve and ws prepared to sell the freight capacity on at £7 per tonnne, twenty shillings per tonne below the going rate in May 1654 HCA 13/71 f.390r
--The ship the Alexander had a burthen of 300 tonnes

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Q13: What was the role of the cooper in the transportation and storage of tobacco?


  • Can you find witness statements by coopers describing what they did with tobacco?


[INSERT DATA]


Q14: What was the price or value of tobacco in Virginia vs. London?


  • Price in sterling?
  • Price in sugar equivalent?
  • Price in non-sterling currencies?


  • Price of Virginia Tobacco in London:

- Tobacconist Johannes Basford of Saint Stephens Colemanstreet stated that he "being a Tobacconist and well skilled in Tobaccoe was Imployed by the said Harris and Beomant to veiwe about foure or five Twenty hogsheads of Virginia Tobaccoe belonging unto them lying in a Celler in Saint mary at hill and saith that, at the time of his veiwing thereof, the said Tobaccoes were all, (saving about 3 Hogsheads) dry and well Conditioned and very Good Sound Tobaccoe, which said three Hogsheads or thereabouts hee saith were not altogether soe good as the other, but were reasonable good, and were not above 10: s per hogshead worse then the other. And saith that all the said Tobaccoes one with another were then here well worth and the like commonly sold for 5. d and 5. d [?06] per pound, and this deponent here about the same time bought some Virgina Tobaccoe (which was noe better then the said Tobaccoe that hee soe veiwed) and paid 5. d [?06] per pound for the same" HCA 13/73 f.534r


Q15: Did tobacco price changes vary seasonally and/or between years?


[INSERT DATA]


Q16: How was tobacco distributed and sold once it arrived in London?


  • Role of grocers? Role of tobacconists?


  • The case of XXX involves the testimony of a number of London based individuals who were involved in tobacco trade in London, and who appear to have understood the retail trade in tobacco. These deponents included the tobacconist John Basford of Saint Stephens Colemanstreet, London, and Thomas Griffin, a distiller, of Saint Dunstans in the East. Griffin refers in his testimony to the planned export in 1657 of Virginia tobacco to Spain in the ship the ffortune, the same tobacco having been imported to London by Mr Harris and Mr Beomont HCA 13/73 f.534v


  • There appears to have been a significant London-Spanish trade in tobacco. In addition to the above reference to the planned export of Virginia Tobacco by Mr Harris and Beaumont from London to Spain, Daniel Boone, a young London merchant, stated that he had resided at Port Saint Mary near Cadiz in Spain from 1657 to 1659, "in that time dealing in Virginia Leafe Tobaccoe". Boone stated "Virginia Leafe Tobaccoe was in the Bay of Cadiz Comonly and ordinarily sold for a Ryall Vellon, Per pound, and soe much was the most that the said Tobaccoe would yeild in the said Bay on ship board" HCA 13/73 f.402v


  • An engrossed inventory dated July 1671 includes details of the stock of a tobacconist's shop at the sign of "The Black Swan and Tobacco Roll" [PROB 4/25944 Engrossed Inventories Exhibited from 1660. Private house in Budge Row, St Antholin's parish, London, and tobacconist's shop with sign of `The Black Swan & Tobacco Roll'. 06 July 1671]

Q17: Can you find evidence of tobacco sale and use in English ports and towns outside London?


  • Case: Tytus Complayne against John Brandlin John Blomfeild and Alexander Scott

- Titus Complayne of Ipswich bought four hogsheads of tobacco from the London grocer, Thomas Coclough, for a total price of £55-04s-7d in October 1653 and arranged to have them shipped from Dice Key, London, on the ship the Primrose of Ipswich HCA 13/71 f.199r

  • James Randall, a mariner of Plymouth, England, stated that the tobacco brought from the Bermudas in the ship the Summer Islands Merchant was "was well worth and was sold for tenne pence a pound; one pound at Plimouth with another and this deponent as hee saith bought about 1000 lbs weight of the said Tobaccoe of the said Loijs taylor at the foresaid rate or price?s And saith the said Taylor did bargaine with Merchants of Plimouth in this deponents Presence, that they should have about 4000: li weight of the foresaid Tobaccoe that came in the said Chests at and after the rate of 35 li sterling per Thousand weight But the foresaid Jenkins not making delivery of some of the Chests belonging to the said Taylor, The said Taylor was forced to disappoint the said Merchants to their , (and her owne hinderance" HCA 13/73 f.44v

Q18: What evidence is there of transhipment of Virginia tobacco via London (and other English ports) to other ports in Europe?


  • Spain?
  • Canary Islands?
  • Mediterranean Ports?
  • Other geographical regions?


  • Bourdeaux tobacco

- XXX [HCA 13/72 f.11v]
-- "it was of the best sort of Bourdeaux tobaccoe and as good as any was made that season, and this was soe written and sent to this deponent ánd partner before the seizure of the said tobaccoe in question, and for theise reasons hee saith hee is well assured and knoweth that the said tobaccoe was at the time of the said lading and of the seizure thereof worth at Morlaix nine sols per pound at the least, and that soe it would gave there yeelded. And saith that according to the said advise from the said lader, the said tobaccoe was in quantitie foure tonnes of tobaccoe and amounted in weight to 8197 pounds, referring himselfe for the more certaintie of the quantitie and weight to the bill of lading for the same [UNCLEAR IF DELETED which this deponent] hath seene, and is viewing in this Court, And saith further that the time arlate, namely in and about the moneth of March 1654 and 1655 tobaccoes of that or like sort sold and were vended at Morlaix at nine sols per pound one with another, soe that the said tobaccoe of the said mr harbyns, being as aforesaid eight thousand one hundred ninetie seaven pounds would have made and amounted to - 3688 livres 13 sols, which after the rate of the then exchange amounted to two hundred eightie two pounds and odd shillings sterling, the exchange then being as hee saith from Morlaix to London fiftie five pence English to the ffrench crowne." HCA 13/72 f.11v

  • Export of tobacco from London to Berghen (Norway)

- " hee goeing Masters Mate as aforesayd knoweth that the Recovery carried to Bergen seaven hundred weight of Tobaccoe HCA 13/71 f.442v

  • Export of tobacco from London to Barbary coast

- " hides and waxe are very [XX]dible comodities in the parts of Spaine or the medera Ilands and the same might have bin sold there for a very greate and considerable profitt and advantage to the said Thomas Batt in case the said Cargazon of Tobaccoes had beene exchanged" HCA 13/65 f.107r


Q18: What goods were traded from Europe to Virginia?


  • Cargoes of goods shipped from London to Guinea Coast:


[INSERT DATA]

  • Cargoes of goods shipped from London direct to Virginia:


[INSERT DATA]

  • Cargo of goods shipped from London direct to Tobago:

- Goods shipped in the ship the Morning Starr
- "the said producents set out the said shipp from Amsterdam under conduct of this deponent {laden} with some oile, Spanish wine, hatts, knives, brandewine and other commodities proper for the trade of the Wester Ilands whether shee was designed, and proceeded from the Texel in that voyage on the seaventeenth of May 1656 New Stile, and about six weekes after arived at Tobago one of the Wester or Caribbe Ilands, in which parts this deponent (who was alsoe merchant for his said imployers) was to dispose and truck away the said outwards goods for tobacco for the best proffit of his said imployers the owners of the said shipp, but not finding the season proper at Tobago this deponent went to the Wilde coast of the West Indies and there trading, did upon truck and barter for part of his said outwards goods buy and provide for his said owners account upwards of eight thousand pound weight of tobaccoe, XXXXXX 92li of tobaccoe, and for his owne account about seaven hundred pounds weight of tobaccoe, all contained in seaven and thirtie greate and severall small rolls of tobaccoe, six greate and tenn small fats or barrells of tobaccoe and a cask of tobaccoes, all which were laden aboard the said shipp to be transported for Amsterdam"HCA 13/72 f.137r


Interesting cases


To find cases by case name (with their associated depositions) in HCA 13/72 try browsing:

HCA 13/72 Cases and depositions

Equivalent pages for HCA 13/71 and HCA 13/73 have not yet been populated with data

HCA 13/71

  • A Busines of Examination of wittnesses on the behalfe of Thomas Allen Anthony Peniston and Company Owners of the shipp the King of Poland whereof ffrederick Johnson is Master) against John Wright Jasper White Perient Trott Thomas Tomlinson John Butts Richard Chandler and George Watermann
  • Ewer against Watts
  • Naphthalia White John Thomas and others marines of the shipp the delight of Plymouth against John Griddon master of the sayd shipp
  • On the behalfe of Moses Goodier and Timothy Alsop touching the hester of Plimouth
  • On the behalfe of Samuel harwar touching a losse in the Anne of London
  • Swanley and Company against certaine hogsheads of Tobaccoe brought from Virginia and against George Johnson for his interest in 34 hogsheads
  • Titus Complayne against John Brandlin John Blomfeilde and Alexander Scott
  • Warner against Howe and Watson


HCA 13/72

Thomas Cowell and company against the Tobaccoes brought to this port in the Successe
- aka: Cowell and Company against the Tobaccoes in the Successe aforesaid
- 1. Richard Harris of the parish of Saint Buttolphs Algate London Mariner, aged 27 yeeres
- 2. Captaine Zachary Browne late Commander of the shipp the Successe in the immediate service of this Commonwealth
- 3. Abraham Barnaby of the little Tower hill one of the Customehouse waiters, aged 30 yeeres

Touching Tobaccoes taken out of the Virgin Mary prize Da Rosar for the State
- George Crapnell mariner, Master of the Essex frigot in the imediate service of this Commonwealth

  • John Jeffreyes and Robert Lewellin against Jacob Moulson

- 1. Robert Oldfeild of Spalding in the County of Lincoln gentleman aged twenty two yeares
- 2. Samuell Church of Writtle in Essex Mariner aged twenty sixe yeares
- 3. Abraham Clarke of debtford in Kent shipwright Carpenter of the shipp Unitie the voyage in question aged twenty five yeare

  • Warren against Watson and How

- 1. Simon Messinger of Shadwell in the County of Middlesex Cooper aged 40 yeeres
- 2. John Goodman of the parish of Saint Catherin Coleman [XXX GUTTER] London Cooper, aged 34 yeares
- 3. James Jauncy of the parish of Saint Lawrence Jury London citizen and Grocer of London aged 34 yeares
- 4. Mathew Travis of the parish of Saint John Evangelist London citizen and salter of London aged 50 yeeres

Warner against Matson and how [Examined on an allegation given in on the behalfe of the sayd Watson and howe]
- aka: Warner against Watson and howe
- 1. Captaine Thomas Taylor of Wapping Shipwright aged 56 yeares
- 2. William Wood of Wapping in the parish of Saint Mary Matsellon alias Whitechappell and County of Middlesex Merchant aged forty nyne yeares

HCA 13/73

  • Claime of the said van hulten and others in the Mary
  • Harris and Beomont against the Fortune and against Carlton
  • Thomas Taylor and Loijs his wife against the Shipp the Summer Islands Merchant and against John Jenkins Master of the said Ship



Interesting individuals


London Merchants


James Jauncey, London merchant
- Grocer
- b.?, d. ca. 1675
- Deposition: James Jauncy of the parish of Saint Lawrence Jury London citizen and Grocer of London aged 34 yeares HCA 13/72 f.463v
-- Jauncy stated that he had: "for theise nine yeeres last [?as] a freeman dealt in and used the trade of Virginia and other tobaccoes, and hath receaved many hundreds hogsheads of tobacco brought thence in that space, and as free man and apprentice hee hath used and bin versed in that trade for theise seaventeene yeares last"

John Jefferis/Jefferies, London merchant, dealing in tobacco with Virginia
- Grocer
- b. 1614, d. ca. XXX
- J.R.Woodhead Profile of JEFFREYS, John (B)
- Deposition by John Jefferies of London merchant HCA 13/71 f.235v
-- Deponent "hath for divers yeares last past used the trade of a Merchant to Virginia"

Robert Llewellin
- ?
- b.?, d.?
- Partner of John Jefferis/Jefferies in the tobacco trade HCA 13/72 f.141v

Mathew Travis
- Salter
- b. ca. 1608, d. ?ca. 1681
- Of the parish of Saint John Evangelist, London
- Travis, aged fifty, stated that "for theise thirtie yeares last past hee this deponent hath bin a dealer in that commoditie and hath received many scores of Virginia hogsheads of tobaccoe brought from Virginia to this port, for his owne account" HCA 13/72 f.464v
- PROB 11/368/390 Will of Mathew Treavis, Salter of London 02 December 1681

Perient Trott
- Grocer
- Traded in tobacco with Virginia
- Brother of Nicholas Trott, merchant of Yorke Towne, Virginia
- Case: Involving the ship the King of Poland, shipping tobacco from the Bermudas and Virginia to London in 1655 HCA 13/72 f.249r

Willielmus Woolrich
- de parochia Sancti Clemtis East cheape Aromatarius annos agens 26
- "Negroes brought from Angola or parts thereabouts are worth, and doe usually yield and produce at Virginia thirty five pound sterling per head one with another, or the value thereof in goods and commodities there growing, which this deponent knoweth for that he hath been both on the coast of Guiney, and also at Virginia in the quality of Purser of a ship, and hath seen Guiney negroes sold at Virginia ordinarily for thirty pounds and for five and thirty pounds sterling a piece" HCA 13/73 f.590r


London Coopers


John Goodman
- Cooper
- Of the parish of Saint Catherine Coleman
- Goodman stated he was: "a master Cooper and having soe bin for theise twelve yeares last and having bought many virginia hogsheads after the tobaccoes were taken out" HCA 13/72 f.463v

Simon Messinger
- Cooper
- Of Shadwell in the county of Middlesex
- Messinger stated he was "a Cooper by trade, and hath used to goe to sea and frequent merchants warehouses and take notice
of Virginia hogsheads of tobacco, having used the said trade as a master Cooper for twelve yeares last or more" HCA 13/72 f.463r

Virginia Merchants


David Sellick, merchant of Aramack, Virginia
- Merchant
- b.1614. d. before 1654
- Profile of David Sellick

Nicholas Trott, merchant of Yorke Towne, Virginia
- "Mr Nicholas Trott a Virginia merchant living in Yorke towne in Virginia came to this deponent and shewed him a Note from the foresaid Hellin or Ellinor Wheeler wherein this deponent was desired to give bills of Lading to the said Mr Nicholas Trott, which this deponent did consent unto and the same being filled up by the said Trott or his order this deponent signed the same, and therein hee saith it was mentioned that the said Tobaccoes were Laden by the said Nicholas Trott though in truth they were not(and the same were Consigned to Perryn (or Perrent Trott here in London, brother to the said Nicholas"HCA 13/73 f.556v

William Whittington of A[?rkamack] in Virginia Merchant aged fourtie yeares and upwards, William (?Melling) of the same place Marchant aged 49 yeares or thereabouts, and James Cade of the citie of London Merchant aged 52 yeares [HCA 13/73 f.736r]


Virginia factors and correspondents engaged in tobacco trade


Robert Oldfeild
- b. ca. 1635, d.?1667
- Twenty-two year old gentleman of Spalding in the county of Lincoln
- Oldfeild was sent out on the ship the Unitie, from London via Dublin, bound for Maryland in Virginia, as a factor of John Jeffrey's partner in the tobacco trade, Robert Llewellin. The Unitie was abadoned on the island of Antego, and Oldfeild never made it to Virginia.
- Oldfeild stated in the Admiralty Court that he was "a servant of the sayd Lewellin who was by him sent to reside and continue with one Mr Cornwallis a factor of the sayd Lewellins in Mary Land at Virginia there to keepe the sayd Cornwallis his bookes of Accompts and learne the trade of Merchandizing" HCA 13/72 f.143v


Planters


Thomas Beale of Yorke in Virginia Planter aged 50 yeeres HCA 13/73 f.55r


Politicians


William Clayborne/Claybourne the Secretary of State in Virginia [HCA 13/71 f.230v]


Tobacco ships, by year of departure from Europe


1650


ffortune of Middleborowe (1650 & 1651). Seized by the English at Virginia [HCA 13/65 f.34v]


1651


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1652


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1653


Alexander of London (1653 & 1654)


1654


Hopefull Luke (1654)
Unitie (1654)
Providence (1654)
Seaven Sisters (1654 & 1655)
William of London (1654 & 1655)


1655


King of Poland (1655)


1656


Morning Starr of Amsterdam [Amsterdam bound forTobago]
Recovery of Bristol [sugar and tobacco from Barbados]


1657


[INSERT DATA]


1658


[INSERT DATA]


1659


Honour of London (1659)
Thomas and Anne (1659)


Unknown


Anne of London
Anne Claere of London/Anne Cleeve of London
Beare of Bristol
James
Golden Lyon
John and Katherine
Peter and Jane of London
Sea horse
Summer Islands Merchant


Synthesis: Virginia


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Synthesis: Tobacco


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