Difference between revisions of "Tools: Slavery"

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==Ships & Timeline==
 
==Ships & Timeline==
 +
----
 +
===1636===
 +
 +
'''The Saint Andrewe'''
 +
 +
- set out from London on voyage to "Binney and Ginney"<ref>[[HCA 13/61 f.200r Annotate|HCA 13/61 f.200r]]</ref>
 +
- Master: George Ireland, 40 year old mariner from Wapping
 +
- Fleming built ship
 +
 
----
 
----
 
===1647===
 
===1647===
Line 14: Line 23:
  
 
Planned voyage from London to Guinea to Barbados, but diverted to Spanish West Indies
 
Planned voyage from London to Guinea to Barbados, but diverted to Spanish West Indies
 +
 +
'''The Consent'''<ref>HCA 13/129 unfol. File_II0_PANA_P1100950-P1100952</ref>
 +
 +
Master: Godfrey Jones (died without returning to England)
 +
 +
Voyage from London to Gambo (presumably Gambia) on the Guinea coast, where took on ca. 100 negro slaves, and then to Barabdos to take on water and then to Margaritta, but cast away and lost on way there. Departed Gravesend in September or October 1647; arrived Guinea three months later and stayed three months, so set off for Barbados ca. February or March 1648. Freighters included London merchants  Robert Oxwick William Weilday and John Jefferyes.<ref>HCA 13/129 unfol. File_II0_PANA_P1100950-P1100952</ref>
 +
 +
'''The Guift'''<ref>[[HCA 13/73 f.566v Annotate|HCA 13/73 f.566v]]</ref>
 +
 +
Voyage from Nantes to New England, Bilboa and back to Nantes; followed by a voyage from Nantes to Civita Vechia; followed by a voyage to New England, Barbados and Guinny (where took on board 139 negro slaves)
 +
 +
'''The Mary Bonadventure''' and '''Pinnace'''<ref>HCA 13/62 unfol. 130D3300 DSC_0146</ref>
 +
 +
Master: Captain Richardson
 +
 +
The ''Mary Bonadventure'' and its associated pinnace went from London to Guinea and then to Barbados in 1647. The ''Mary Bonadventure'' seized a Dutch ship with forty negro slaves and the ''Mary Bonadventure'' and associated pinnace had themselves "the number of five hundred in Richardsons shoppe and pinnace".
  
 
'''The Mayflower'''<ref>[[HCA 13/63 f.222v Annotate|HCA 13/63 f.222v]]</ref>
 
'''The Mayflower'''<ref>[[HCA 13/63 f.222v Annotate|HCA 13/63 f.222v]]</ref>
Line 23: Line 48:
 
Planned voyage from London to Guinea to Barbados, but diverted to Spanish West Indies
 
Planned voyage from London to Guinea to Barbados, but diverted to Spanish West Indies
 
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----
 +
 
===1648===
 
===1648===
  
Line 30: Line 56:
 
'''Nostra Seignora de Rosario'''
 
'''Nostra Seignora de Rosario'''
  
−
Portuguese owned ship. Arrived in Bahia, Brasil, in 1649 with 300 negro slaves<ref>[[HCA 13/70 f.271v Annotate|HCA 13/70 f.271v]]</ref>
+
Ship was owned by a Lisbon born Portuguese named Gonsalo da Gamboa. Arrived in Bahia, Brasil, in 1649 with 300 negro slaves<ref>[[HCA 13/70 f.271v Annotate|HCA 13/70 f.271v]]</ref> Laded a cargo of sugars and tobacco at Bahia, largely on account and adventure of Gonsalo da Gamboa. The ship was seized by an English man of war on its return voyage to Lisbon and carried to England. The dispute in the High Court of Admiralty over this rich prize continued into 1657, with [[Manoel Alvares]], steward of the Portuguese ambassador, depositng on April 24th 1657 regarding the seizure of the ship.<ref>[[HCA 13/72 f.5r Annotate|HCA 13/72 f.5r]]</ref>
 +
 
 +
A two page account of the lading, its quantities, value and ownership has been preserved amongst miscellaneous papers from the High Court of Admiralty. It is dated December 2nd 1657 and was submitted by the proctor Suckley as part of Admiralty Court proceedings.<ref>Valuation of goods and ship, Nostra Señiora da Rosario, submitted by Admiralty Court proctor Suckley, December 2nd 1657, HCA 15/6, un fol. See [[Manoel Alvares]]</ref>
 +
 
 +
'''The Royal Merchant'''
 +
 
 +
The ''Royal Merchant'' (Master: Henry Atkinson) sailed from Bristol to Guinea, intending to go from thence to Barbados and back to London or some other port in England.<ref>[[HCA 13/124 f.58v Annotate|HCA 13/124 f.58v]]</ref> On arriving at Barbados the agents or factors of the freighters Batson and Steele ordered the ship, with the master's consent, to return to Guinea on a second voyage, contrary to the agreement made in England.<ref>[[HCA 13/124 f.59r Annotate|HCA 13/124 f.59r]]</ref> The ship arrived the first time in Barbados on July 15th 1649. Owners and freighters of the ''Royal Merchant'' were Richard Batson, Laurence Steele, John Colleton and John Roberts.<ref>[[HCA 13/124 f.34v Annotate|HCA 13/124 f.34v]]</ref>
  
 
----
 
----
 
===1650===
 
===1650===
  
−
'''The Royall Merchant'''<ref>[[XXHCA 13/124]]</ref>
+
'''The Arana Merchant'''
  
−
Planned voyage from Bristol to Guinea, thence to Barbados and back to ?
+
On Guinea coast in March 1650.<ref>[[HCA 13/65 f.96r Annotate|HCA 13/65 f.96r]]</ref>
−
----
+
  
 +
'''The Mary Constant'''
 +
 +
On Guinea coast in March 1650.<ref>[[HCA 13/65 f.96r Annotate|HCA 13/65 f.96r]]</ref>
 +
 +
'''The Mary and John'''
 +
 +
The ''Mary and John'' (Master: ffrancis Hurdidge) was owned by Thomas Adams, Thomas Hollis Mr Hills, and Company merchants of London in the years 1648 to 1651. The ship was let to freight by her master at Lisbon in Portugal in March 1649 by licence of the King of Portugal to makke a voyage from Lisbon to Madera, thence to Angola and thence to Bahia in Brasil.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.664r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.664r]]</ref> At Angola Hurdidge took on board "nine hundred and seventeene Negars besides Children for the accompt of Portugalls, by the Order of the sayd Governour and Officers of the King of Portugall, And also one hundred eighty four Negers and eighteene Children for accompt of the Owners of the sayd shipp and him her sayd master and Company and allso about four thousand Alquiers of salt which salt the sayd Governour forced him as aforesayd to accept in the stead of eight hundred millrees, all to be transported to Bahia"<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.664v Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.664v]]</ref>
 +
----
 
===1651===
 
===1651===
  
−
[ADD DATA]
+
'''The ffreindshipp'''<ref>HCA 24/111 Folder_111_10_IMG_1685</ref>
 +
 
 +
- Roland Wilson, Maurice Thomson, John Wood and others, London merchants and "Adventurers upon the ioynt stock for the Coast of Guinney", hired and took to freight the ship the ''ffreindshipp'' from Henry Saint John, Nathaniel Goodlad and others
 +
- Voyage to River of Gambra in Guinney
 +
- Freighters by Charter Party were to pay all their costs and charges and to pay for "ware and tare of the hull" "100 per month, beginning September 1st 1651 and continuing for 8 months certaine and 12 months at most
 +
- In addition, the abovenamed freighters were the owners and proprietors of two pinaces, the ''John'' (Master: Thomas Blackman) and the''Supply'' (Master: Bartholomew Howard). Supply was of burthen of 80 tonnes, with 6 iron guns and cost and was worth £425-03-04; the ''John'' was of burthen of 60 tonnes, with 5 iron guns and cost  and was worth £545-05-06
 +
- Attached bill of lading for the ''Supply'', dated December 9th 1651, states a lading of 1234 barrs of iron, 18 hogsheads of ffrench spirits, 1 chest of beads, 1 case of christall, and 30 pairs of shackles<ref>HCA 24/111 Folder_111_10_IMG_1694</ref>
 
----
 
----
 
===1652===
 
===1652===
Line 48: Line 93:
 
'''The Constant Ruth'''
 
'''The Constant Ruth'''
  
−
The Constant Ruth (Master: XXXX) laded stores in London in May 1652, prior to a voyage to Guinea and thence to Barbados, intending to return thence for London<ref>[[MRP:_HCA_15/6_Box_Two#Item:_Book_of_account_of_the_Constant_Ruth:_Date:_May_1652|MRP:_HCA_15/6_Box_Two#Item:_Book_of_account_of_the_Constant_Ruth:_Date:_May_1652]]</ref>
+
The ''Constant Ruth'' (Master: Captain Hayman) laded stores in London in May 1652, prior to a voyage to Guinea and thence to Barbados, intending to return thence for London. Sailed from coast of Guinea on December 16th 1652<ref>[[MRP:_HCA_15/6_Box_Two#Item:_Book_of_account_of_the_Constant_Ruth:_Date:_May_1652|MRP:_HCA_15/6_Box_Two#Item:_Book_of_account_of_the_Constant_Ruth:_Date:_May_1652]]; [[HCA 13/70 f.165v Annotate|HCA 13/70 f.165v]]</ref>;
  
−
----
+
'''The Hopewell'''<ref>[[HCA 13/68 f.55r Annotate|HCA 13/68 f.55r]]</ref>
  
 +
The ''Hopewell'' (Master: Henry Powell) sailed from London to Guinea to Antego. Arrived in Antego October 14th 1652, and subsequently seized on October 30th 1652 on the coast of Antego by Prince Rupert.<ref>[[HCA 13/68 f.55v Annotate|HCA 13/68 f.55v]]</ref>
 +
 +
'''The Industry'''
 +
 +
The ''Industry'' (Master: James Cranidge) was in company of the ''Constant Ruth'' in their passage from the coast of Guinea to Barabados<ref>[[HCA 13/70 f.165v Annotate|HCA 13/70 f.165v]]</ref>
 +
 +
'''John and Mary'''
 +
 +
The ''John and Mary''' (Master: John Langley) sailed from London to Guinea in January 1652 and from Guinea to Barbadoes, before returning to Londpon, arriving back in August 1653.<ref>[[HCA 13/68 f.529r Annotate|HCA 13/68 f.529r]]</ref>
 +
 +
'''The Recovery'''
 +
 +
The ''Recovery'' (Master: ?] was an English ship of 300 tons burthen which sailed from London to Guinea, and then on to Barbados and to Antego. Admiralty Court witnesses stated that her original crew of thirty was much depleted by Antego, and that "when she came to Antego she had but about 18 or 19 men many of her Company being dead att Guiney and some stayd att Barbadoes"<ref>[[HCA 13/68 f.57r Annotate|HCA 13/68 57r]]</ref>
 +
 +
----
 
===1653===
 
===1653===
  
−
[ADD DATA]
+
'''The James'''
 +
 
 +
The ''James'' of London (Master: George [?Colden]). Departed London ca. mid-1653; sailed from London to "Ginney, Binney and parts and places thereabouts" and from thence to Barbados. Arrived at Barbados ca. July 1654.<ref>[[HCA 13/70 f.348r Annotate|HCA 13/70 f.348r]]</ref> Departed Barbados for London, but meeting bad weather near the Western Islands was forced through leakiness to stop at Passage in Ireland.<ref>[[HCA 13/70 f.348v Annotate|HCA 13/70 f.348v]]</ref>
 
----
 
----
 
===1654===
 
===1654===
  
−
[ADD DATA]
+
'''The Leopard'''<ref>[[HCA 13/70 f.308v Annotate|HCA 13/70 f.308v]]</ref>
 +
 
 +
The ''Leopard'' (Master: Cornelius ffredericke, who died at Saint Christofers and was replaced by Claus Tuneson). Ship belonging to the Duke of Courland, carried negro slaves from Guinea to Martinica in the West Indies. Departed Martinica for Amsterdam on September 16th 1654 (new style), where due to deliver foods to Hendrick Mumma [alt. Momma] as factor or deputy of the Duke of Courland, stopping off at Saint Christofers for about a month (departing October 16th 1654 new style). Later seized by English at Bristol, having put in there en route to Amsterdam due to storm damage.<ref>[[HCA 13/70 f.41v Annotate|HCA 13/70 f.41v]]</ref>
 
----
 
----
 +
 
===1655===
 
===1655===
  
 
'''The Anne'''
 
'''The Anne'''
  
−
The Anne (Master: John Carey) departed London for Guinea in February 1655 with a lading which included copper bars, and arrived on the Guinea coast in June 1655.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.140r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.140r]]</ref>
+
The ''Anne'' (Master: John Carey) departed London for Guinea in February 1655 with a lading which included copper bars, and arrived on the Guinea coast in June 1655.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.140r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.140r]]</ref>
  
 
'''The ffreindship'''
 
'''The ffreindship'''
  
−
The ffreindshipp of London (Master: Thomas Hyatt) departed London for Guinea and thence to Barbados and back to London on April 3rd 1655.<ref>[[HCA 13/72 f.334v Annotate|HCA 13/72 f.334v]]</ref>
+
The ''ffreindshipp'' of London (Master: Thomas Hyatt) departed London for Guinea and thence to Barbados and back to London on April 3rd 1655.<ref>[[HCA 13/72 f.334v Annotate|HCA 13/72 f.334v]]</ref>
  
 
'''The Justice'''
 
'''The Justice'''
  
−
The Justice of Dover (Master John ffishbell) was hired at Barbados by John Nayler John Horne and company for a return trip from Barbados to Guinea.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.398r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.398r]]</ref>
+
The ''Justice'' of Dover (Master John ffishbell) was hired at Barbados by John Nayler John Horne and company for a return trip from Barbados to Guinea.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.398r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.398r]]</ref>
  
 
'''The Lady of Conquest'''
 
'''The Lady of Conquest'''
  
−
The Lady of Conquest (Master: John Rodrigues da Calderon) received a license from the Governour of Angola to carry slaves from Angola to Cartagena.<ref>[[HCA 13/72 f.67r Annotate|HCA 13/72 f.67r]]</ref>
+
The ''Lady of Conquest'' (Master: John Rodrigues da Calderon) received a license from the Governour of Angola to carry slaves from Angola to Cartagena.<ref>[[HCA 13/72 f.67r Annotate|HCA 13/72 f.67r]]</ref>
  
−
'''Virgin Mary and All Saints'''
+
'''The Peace'''
  
−
Virgin Mary and All Saints of Cartagena (Master: Diego de la Baton)<ref>[[HCA 13/72 f.67r Annotate|HCA 13/72 f.67r]]</ref>
+
The ''Peace'' of Amsterdam (Master: Herman Barenson) was intended on a voyage from Amsterdam to Guinea and thence to the West Indies before returning to Amsterdam. She was seized by the English six leagues from Barbados with a lading aboard her of about two hundred and fifty negro slaves and a great quantity of elephants teeth, bound from Guinea for the West Indies.<ref>[[HCA 13/70 f.410v Annotate|HCA 13/70 f.410v]]</ref>
 +
 
 +
'''The Virgin Mary and All Saints'''
 +
 
 +
''Virgin Mary and All Saints'' of Cartagena (Master: Diego de la Baton)<ref>[[HCA 13/72 f.67r Annotate|HCA 13/72 f.67r]]</ref>
 
----
 
----
  
Line 87: Line 156:
 
'''The Brotherhood'''
 
'''The Brotherhood'''
  
−
The Brotherhood of London (Master: XXX) was owned by Peter and Abraham Caullier. The ship was seized in February 1656 near Cape Lopez on the coast of Guinea by Captain Albert Cox in the ship the Cat or Gat frigate and Captain Jappon in a frigate called the Kater.  She had on board a lading of ninety-four negro slaves and elephants teeth<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.608r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.608r]]</ref>
+
The ''Brotherhood'' of London (Master: XXX) was owned by Peter and Abraham Caullier. The ship was seized in February 1656 near Cape Lopez on the coast of Guinea by Captain Albert Cox in the ship the ''Cat'' or ''Gat frigate'' and Captain Jappon in a frigate called the ''Kater''.  She had on board a lading of ninety-four negro slaves and elephants teeth<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.608r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.608r]]</ref>
  
 
'''The ffortune'''
 
'''The ffortune'''
  
−
The ffortune (Master: George Paris) was seized off the Guinea coast by John Scroll in late July 1656. After fetching out the negro slaves on board the ffortune, Scroll's men set fire to the hull of the ship and destroyed it.<ref>[[HCA 13/72 f.29r Annotate|HCA 13/72 f.29r]]</ref>
+
The ''ffortune'' (Master: George Paris) was seized off the Guinea coast by John Scroll in late July 1656. After fetching out the negro slaves on board the ffortune, Scroll's men set fire to the hull of the ship and destroyed it.<ref>[[HCA 13/72 f.29r Annotate|HCA 13/72 f.29r]]</ref>
  
 
'''The Lyon and the Providence'''
 
'''The Lyon and the Providence'''
  
−
Owners of the ship were James Bridgeman, Thomas Preston and company. Some of the freighters were Alderman William Thomson and Maurice Thomson. The ship was intended for a voyage from London to Guinea, thence to the East Indies, thence to Dantzig, and back to London.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.619r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.619r]]</ref>  
+
Owners of the ship were James Bridgeman, Thomas Preston and company. Some of the freighters were Alderman William Thomson and Maurice Thomson. The ship was intended for a voyage from London to Guinea, thence to the East Indies, thence to Danzig, and back to London.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.619r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.619r]]</ref> The ship was seized by Captain John Crawle [alt. Scroll] off the Guinea coast, who commanded the ''Mary'' of Amsterdam and the ''Unicorne'' of Middleburg<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.619v Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.619v]]</ref>
 +
 
 +
'''The Maydenhead'''
 +
 
 +
The freighters of the ship were Maurice Thompson, Alderman William Thompson and company. The ship departed from London for Guinea, to Jambee and then the Coromandel coast in August 1656, intending to return to Livorno. It was employed by the freighters until October 1658.<ref>[[HCA 13/72 f.701v Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.701v]]</ref>
  
 
'''The Sarah'''
 
'''The Sarah'''
  
−
Owners of ship were Thomas Thompson Captaine Wildy and Companie Merchants of London. Freighter of the ship was Robert Lewellin, merchant of London. Planned voyage from London to "the parts of Guinney", thence to Barbados, and back to London.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.634r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.634r]]</ref> Ship was laded at London in January 1656 with cargo of "Copper barres, iron, and [?bowdges]" to be transportedd to Guinea and bartered and disposed of "for Negroes to be thence in the said shipp carried and conveighed to Barbadoes or Virginia there to bee sould and disposed of for the proper accompt and benefitt of the said Robert Lewellin".<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.634v Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.634v]]</ref>  
+
Owners of ship were Thomas Thompson Captaine Wildy and Companie Merchants of London. [CEHECK OWNERS ARE CORRECT] Freighter of the ship was Robert Lewellin, merchant of London. Planned voyage from London to "the parts of Guinney", thence to Barbados, and back to London.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.634r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.634r]]</ref> Ship was laded at London in January 1656 with cargo of "Copper barres, iron, and [?bowdges]" to be transportedd to Guinea and bartered and disposed of "for Negroes to be thence in the said shipp carried and conveighed to Barbadoes or Virginia there to bee sould and disposed of for the proper accompt and benefitt of the said Robert Lewellin".<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.634v Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.634v]]</ref>
 +
 
 +
The Sarah arrived on coast of Guinea on May 1st 1656, where 158 negro slaves were procured near Cape de Lopes. On August 2nd 1656 the ''Sarah'' was seized  by two Dutch ships off the Guinea coasr, both uner the command of John Scroll, said to be a Dutchman of the United Provinces.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.634v Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.634v]]</ref>
  
−
The Sarah arrived on coast of Guinea on May 1st 1656, where 158 negro slaves were procured near Cape de Lopes. On August 2nd 1656 the Sarah was seized  by two Dutch ships off the Guinea coasr, both uner the command of John Scroll, said to be a Dutchman of the United Provinces.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.634v Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.634v]]</ref>
+
There seems to have been a second ship named the ''Sarah''. ("Humphrey Beane and companie also merchants of this citie were the true and Lawfull owners of the arlate shipp the ''Sarah'' whereof Arthur Perkins was master, as this deponent hath received from common and credible report touching the said proprietie; And saith this deponent hath alsoe credibly heard by and from the said Arthur Perkins that the arlate Robert Lewellin alsoe merchant of London had freighted the said shipp ''Sarah'' for or upon a voyage from London to Guiney and from thence to Barbadoes and Virginia and from thence to London, in which voyage the said shipp was surprized and seized as hereafter shall bee deduced."<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.628r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.628r]]</ref>
  
 
'''The Rapahannacke'''
 
'''The Rapahannacke'''
Line 107: Line 182:
 
Owners of the ship were John Jefferies, Thomas Colclough and others. The ship set out from London in December 1655 towards Guinea, and thence to Virginia, before returning to London. She carried a cargo of "Silesia linnens, callicoes, perpetuana's, iron, tinsell, scarlett cloath, bo[?w]dges and other goods", to be bartered away for negro slaves.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.632r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.632r]]</ref>
 
Owners of the ship were John Jefferies, Thomas Colclough and others. The ship set out from London in December 1655 towards Guinea, and thence to Virginia, before returning to London. She carried a cargo of "Silesia linnens, callicoes, perpetuana's, iron, tinsell, scarlett cloath, bo[?w]dges and other goods", to be bartered away for negro slaves.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.632r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.632r]]</ref>
  
−
The he Rapahannacke was seized by two Dutch ships under the command of John Scroll in September 1656, whilst off the coast of Guinea and sailing towards Cape Lopes.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.632v Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.632v]]</ref> At the time of her seizure, the ship had 50 negro slaves on board her, who allegedly were worth between £20 and £30 each at the Barbados.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.633r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.633r]]</ref>
+
The ''Rapahannacke'' was seized by two Dutch ships under the command of John Scroll in September 1656, whilst off the coast of Guinea and sailing towards Cape Lopes.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.632v Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.632v]]</ref> At the time of her seizure, the ship had 50 negro slaves on board her, who allegedly were worth between £20 and £30 each at the Barbados.<ref>[[HCA 13/71 f.633r Annotate|HCA 13/71 f.633r]]</ref>
 
----
 
----
  
 
===1657===
 
===1657===
  
−
[ADD DATA]
+
'''The Conrad'''
 +
 
 +
The ''Conrad'' (Master: John Christian). Departed from London to Guinea and Barbados ca. June 1657.<ref>[[HCA 13/73 f.628r Annotate|HCA 13/73 f.628r]]</ref>
 
----
 
----
 +
 
===1658===
 
===1658===
  
−
[ADD DATA]
+
'''The Hopewell'''
 +
 
 +
The ''Hopewell'' (Master: Arthur Perkins) was laded in December 1657 in London for a voyage from London to the coast of Africa, intending then for XXXX. The ship arrived at Bengall on the coast of Africa in June 1658. However, the ship was seized by the Portuguese at Angola.<ref>[[HCA 13/73 f.500r Annotate|HCA 13/73 f.500r]]</ref>
 
----
 
----
 
===1659===
 
===1659===
  
−
[ADD DATA]
+
'''The Violet'''
  
 +
The ''Violet'' (Master: Humphry Whyte) arrived at Virginia in April 1659 with a lading of negro slaves. According to the purser of the ship, her master "sold severall Negroes the said time for 35. ''li'' Sterling a peece and none under, and sold one for forty pounds, and the Merchant in Virginia who receaved most of the said Negroes brought thether in the said ship might have sold them all. after the rate of 35. ''li'' a peece one with an other, and saith that those Negroes were taken onboard the said ship ''Violet''. at Calabar in Guiney, which Negroes hee saith are not soe good as Angola Negroes"<ref>[[HCA 13/73 f.540r Annotate|HCA 13/73 f.540r]]</ref>
 
----
 
----
 +
===1663===
 +
 +
'''The Amity'''
 +
 +
The ''Amity''' (Master: Roger Packer) sailed in the service of the Royal Africa Company from London to Sierra Leone in Guinea and back to London, arriving in Guinea in October of that year. There the ship laded elephants teeth and bees wax.<ref>[[HCA 13/74 f.549r Annotate|HCA 13/74 f.549r]]</ref>
 +
 +
'''The Providence'''
 +
 +
The ''Providence'' (Master: Thomas Cheavers) sailed in the service of the Royal Africa Company from London to Guinea, arriving there in September 1663. Whilst lading negro slaves, the English ship was obstructed by a 400 ton 36 gun Dutch ship belonging to the Africa Company of the United Provinces, manned with ca. 100 men.<ref>http://www.marinelives.org/wiki/MRP:_HCA_23/19#Document_Number:_257:_Case:_XXXX:_Date:_XXXX HCA 23/19, Item: 257]</ref>
 +
 +
----
 +
==?1664===
 +
 +
'''The Hopewell'''
 +
 +
The ''Hopewell'' (Master: Stephen North) sailed from London to "the coasts of Guinney and Binney". The ship is described as arriving at the island of Goreo on the coasts of Guinea, being freighted and imployed by "the Royal Company of Merchants trading to Guiney and other parts thereabouts". "Having information by the negroes that there was a ffleet of great shipps seene making up for the island", the commander of an English man of war called the ''Guift'', called on the eight English ships nearby to assist in defending the island. The ''Hopewell's'' goods and guns were unladen on the island to better defend the place. The anticipated fleet was a Dutch fleet under the command of Admiral de Ruyter.<ref>[[HCA 13/74 f.641r Annotate|HCA 13/74 f.641r]]</ref>
 +
 +
In defiance of the master, Stephen North, the company of the ''Hopewell'' yielded up their ship to de Ruyter, on the promise of receiving full freight and wages. The rest of the English ships yielded, followed several days later by the English fort on the island of Goreo. The ''Hopewell' was subsequently released by de Ruyter and Stephen North agreed with de Ruyter  to carry the commander of the Goree fort, Major Saint George, together with sixty people from the island, their arms and two guns, to Gamboa. In return, North received a bill of exchange from de Ruyter drawn on the "Lords of the West India company at Amsterdam".<ref>[[HCA 13/74 f.641v Annotate|HCA 13/74 f.641v]]</ref>

Latest revision as of 07:49, October 4, 2017

Tools: Slavery


Editorial history

Created 04/05/2015 by CSG




Ships & Timeline


1636


The Saint Andrewe

- set out from London on voyage to "Binney and Ginney"[1]
- Master: George Ireland, 40 year old mariner from Wapping
- Fleming built ship


1647


The Benjamin[2]

Planned voyage from London to Guinea to Barbados, but diverted to Spanish West Indies

The Consent[3]

Master: Godfrey Jones (died without returning to England)

Voyage from London to Gambo (presumably Gambia) on the Guinea coast, where took on ca. 100 negro slaves, and then to Barabdos to take on water and then to Margaritta, but cast away and lost on way there. Departed Gravesend in September or October 1647; arrived Guinea three months later and stayed three months, so set off for Barbados ca. February or March 1648. Freighters included London merchants Robert Oxwick William Weilday and John Jefferyes.[4]

The Guift[5]

Voyage from Nantes to New England, Bilboa and back to Nantes; followed by a voyage from Nantes to Civita Vechia; followed by a voyage to New England, Barbados and Guinny (where took on board 139 negro slaves)

The Mary Bonadventure and Pinnace[6]

Master: Captain Richardson

The Mary Bonadventure and its associated pinnace went from London to Guinea and then to Barbados in 1647. The Mary Bonadventure seized a Dutch ship with forty negro slaves and the Mary Bonadventure and associated pinnace had themselves "the number of five hundred in Richardsons shoppe and pinnace".

The Mayflower[7]

Planned voyage from London to Guinea to Barbados, but diverted to Spanish West Indies

The Peter[8]

Planned voyage from London to Guinea to Barbados, but diverted to Spanish West Indies

1648



1649


Nostra Seignora de Rosario

Ship was owned by a Lisbon born Portuguese named Gonsalo da Gamboa. Arrived in Bahia, Brasil, in 1649 with 300 negro slaves[9] Laded a cargo of sugars and tobacco at Bahia, largely on account and adventure of Gonsalo da Gamboa. The ship was seized by an English man of war on its return voyage to Lisbon and carried to England. The dispute in the High Court of Admiralty over this rich prize continued into 1657, with Manoel Alvares, steward of the Portuguese ambassador, depositng on April 24th 1657 regarding the seizure of the ship.[10]

A two page account of the lading, its quantities, value and ownership has been preserved amongst miscellaneous papers from the High Court of Admiralty. It is dated December 2nd 1657 and was submitted by the proctor Suckley as part of Admiralty Court proceedings.[11]

The Royal Merchant

The Royal Merchant (Master: Henry Atkinson) sailed from Bristol to Guinea, intending to go from thence to Barbados and back to London or some other port in England.[12] On arriving at Barbados the agents or factors of the freighters Batson and Steele ordered the ship, with the master's consent, to return to Guinea on a second voyage, contrary to the agreement made in England.[13] The ship arrived the first time in Barbados on July 15th 1649. Owners and freighters of the Royal Merchant were Richard Batson, Laurence Steele, John Colleton and John Roberts.[14]


1650


The Arana Merchant

On Guinea coast in March 1650.[15]

The Mary Constant

On Guinea coast in March 1650.[16]

The Mary and John

The Mary and John (Master: ffrancis Hurdidge) was owned by Thomas Adams, Thomas Hollis Mr Hills, and Company merchants of London in the years 1648 to 1651. The ship was let to freight by her master at Lisbon in Portugal in March 1649 by licence of the King of Portugal to makke a voyage from Lisbon to Madera, thence to Angola and thence to Bahia in Brasil.[17] At Angola Hurdidge took on board "nine hundred and seventeene Negars besides Children for the accompt of Portugalls, by the Order of the sayd Governour and Officers of the King of Portugall, And also one hundred eighty four Negers and eighteene Children for accompt of the Owners of the sayd shipp and him her sayd master and Company and allso about four thousand Alquiers of salt which salt the sayd Governour forced him as aforesayd to accept in the stead of eight hundred millrees, all to be transported to Bahia"[18]


1651


The ffreindshipp[19]

- Roland Wilson, Maurice Thomson, John Wood and others, London merchants and "Adventurers upon the ioynt stock for the Coast of Guinney", hired and took to freight the ship the ffreindshipp from Henry Saint John, Nathaniel Goodlad and others
- Voyage to River of Gambra in Guinney
- Freighters by Charter Party were to pay all their costs and charges and to pay for "ware and tare of the hull" "100 per month, beginning September 1st 1651 and continuing for 8 months certaine and 12 months at most
- In addition, the abovenamed freighters were the owners and proprietors of two pinaces, the John (Master: Thomas Blackman) and theSupply (Master: Bartholomew Howard). Supply was of burthen of 80 tonnes, with 6 iron guns and cost and was worth £425-03-04; the John was of burthen of 60 tonnes, with 5 iron guns and cost and was worth £545-05-06
- Attached bill of lading for the Supply, dated December 9th 1651, states a lading of 1234 barrs of iron, 18 hogsheads of ffrench spirits, 1 chest of beads, 1 case of christall, and 30 pairs of shackles[20]


1652


The Constant Ruth

The Constant Ruth (Master: Captain Hayman) laded stores in London in May 1652, prior to a voyage to Guinea and thence to Barbados, intending to return thence for London. Sailed from coast of Guinea on December 16th 1652[21];

The Hopewell[22]

The Hopewell (Master: Henry Powell) sailed from London to Guinea to Antego. Arrived in Antego October 14th 1652, and subsequently seized on October 30th 1652 on the coast of Antego by Prince Rupert.[23]

The Industry

The Industry (Master: James Cranidge) was in company of the Constant Ruth in their passage from the coast of Guinea to Barabados[24]

John and Mary

The John and Mary' (Master: John Langley) sailed from London to Guinea in January 1652 and from Guinea to Barbadoes, before returning to Londpon, arriving back in August 1653.[25]

The Recovery

The Recovery (Master: ?] was an English ship of 300 tons burthen which sailed from London to Guinea, and then on to Barbados and to Antego. Admiralty Court witnesses stated that her original crew of thirty was much depleted by Antego, and that "when she came to Antego she had but about 18 or 19 men many of her Company being dead att Guiney and some stayd att Barbadoes"[26]


1653


The James

The James of London (Master: George [?Colden]). Departed London ca. mid-1653; sailed from London to "Ginney, Binney and parts and places thereabouts" and from thence to Barbados. Arrived at Barbados ca. July 1654.[27] Departed Barbados for London, but meeting bad weather near the Western Islands was forced through leakiness to stop at Passage in Ireland.[28]


1654


The Leopard[29]

The Leopard (Master: Cornelius ffredericke, who died at Saint Christofers and was replaced by Claus Tuneson). Ship belonging to the Duke of Courland, carried negro slaves from Guinea to Martinica in the West Indies. Departed Martinica for Amsterdam on September 16th 1654 (new style), where due to deliver foods to Hendrick Mumma [alt. Momma] as factor or deputy of the Duke of Courland, stopping off at Saint Christofers for about a month (departing October 16th 1654 new style). Later seized by English at Bristol, having put in there en route to Amsterdam due to storm damage.[30]

1655


The Anne

The Anne (Master: John Carey) departed London for Guinea in February 1655 with a lading which included copper bars, and arrived on the Guinea coast in June 1655.[31]

The ffreindship

The ffreindshipp of London (Master: Thomas Hyatt) departed London for Guinea and thence to Barbados and back to London on April 3rd 1655.[32]

The Justice

The Justice of Dover (Master John ffishbell) was hired at Barbados by John Nayler John Horne and company for a return trip from Barbados to Guinea.[33]

The Lady of Conquest

The Lady of Conquest (Master: John Rodrigues da Calderon) received a license from the Governour of Angola to carry slaves from Angola to Cartagena.[34]

The Peace

The Peace of Amsterdam (Master: Herman Barenson) was intended on a voyage from Amsterdam to Guinea and thence to the West Indies before returning to Amsterdam. She was seized by the English six leagues from Barbados with a lading aboard her of about two hundred and fifty negro slaves and a great quantity of elephants teeth, bound from Guinea for the West Indies.[35]

The Virgin Mary and All Saints

Virgin Mary and All Saints of Cartagena (Master: Diego de la Baton)[36]

1656


The Brotherhood

The Brotherhood of London (Master: XXX) was owned by Peter and Abraham Caullier. The ship was seized in February 1656 near Cape Lopez on the coast of Guinea by Captain Albert Cox in the ship the Cat or Gat frigate and Captain Jappon in a frigate called the Kater. She had on board a lading of ninety-four negro slaves and elephants teeth[37]

The ffortune

The ffortune (Master: George Paris) was seized off the Guinea coast by John Scroll in late July 1656. After fetching out the negro slaves on board the ffortune, Scroll's men set fire to the hull of the ship and destroyed it.[38]

The Lyon and the Providence

Owners of the ship were James Bridgeman, Thomas Preston and company. Some of the freighters were Alderman William Thomson and Maurice Thomson. The ship was intended for a voyage from London to Guinea, thence to the East Indies, thence to Danzig, and back to London.[39] The ship was seized by Captain John Crawle [alt. Scroll] off the Guinea coast, who commanded the Mary of Amsterdam and the Unicorne of Middleburg[40]

The Maydenhead

The freighters of the ship were Maurice Thompson, Alderman William Thompson and company. The ship departed from London for Guinea, to Jambee and then the Coromandel coast in August 1656, intending to return to Livorno. It was employed by the freighters until October 1658.[41]

The Sarah

Owners of ship were Thomas Thompson Captaine Wildy and Companie Merchants of London. [CEHECK OWNERS ARE CORRECT] Freighter of the ship was Robert Lewellin, merchant of London. Planned voyage from London to "the parts of Guinney", thence to Barbados, and back to London.[42] Ship was laded at London in January 1656 with cargo of "Copper barres, iron, and [?bowdges]" to be transportedd to Guinea and bartered and disposed of "for Negroes to be thence in the said shipp carried and conveighed to Barbadoes or Virginia there to bee sould and disposed of for the proper accompt and benefitt of the said Robert Lewellin".[43]

The Sarah arrived on coast of Guinea on May 1st 1656, where 158 negro slaves were procured near Cape de Lopes. On August 2nd 1656 the Sarah was seized by two Dutch ships off the Guinea coasr, both uner the command of John Scroll, said to be a Dutchman of the United Provinces.[44]

There seems to have been a second ship named the Sarah. ("Humphrey Beane and companie also merchants of this citie were the true and Lawfull owners of the arlate shipp the Sarah whereof Arthur Perkins was master, as this deponent hath received from common and credible report touching the said proprietie; And saith this deponent hath alsoe credibly heard by and from the said Arthur Perkins that the arlate Robert Lewellin alsoe merchant of London had freighted the said shipp Sarah for or upon a voyage from London to Guiney and from thence to Barbadoes and Virginia and from thence to London, in which voyage the said shipp was surprized and seized as hereafter shall bee deduced."[45]

The Rapahannacke

Owners of the ship were John Jefferies, Thomas Colclough and others. The ship set out from London in December 1655 towards Guinea, and thence to Virginia, before returning to London. She carried a cargo of "Silesia linnens, callicoes, perpetuana's, iron, tinsell, scarlett cloath, bo[?w]dges and other goods", to be bartered away for negro slaves.[46]

The Rapahannacke was seized by two Dutch ships under the command of John Scroll in September 1656, whilst off the coast of Guinea and sailing towards Cape Lopes.[47] At the time of her seizure, the ship had 50 negro slaves on board her, who allegedly were worth between £20 and £30 each at the Barbados.[48]

1657


The Conrad

The Conrad (Master: John Christian). Departed from London to Guinea and Barbados ca. June 1657.[49]

1658


The Hopewell

The Hopewell (Master: Arthur Perkins) was laded in December 1657 in London for a voyage from London to the coast of Africa, intending then for XXXX. The ship arrived at Bengall on the coast of Africa in June 1658. However, the ship was seized by the Portuguese at Angola.[50]


1659


The Violet

The Violet (Master: Humphry Whyte) arrived at Virginia in April 1659 with a lading of negro slaves. According to the purser of the ship, her master "sold severall Negroes the said time for 35. li Sterling a peece and none under, and sold one for forty pounds, and the Merchant in Virginia who receaved most of the said Negroes brought thether in the said ship might have sold them all. after the rate of 35. li a peece one with an other, and saith that those Negroes were taken onboard the said ship Violet. at Calabar in Guiney, which Negroes hee saith are not soe good as Angola Negroes"[51]


1663


The Amity

The Amity' (Master: Roger Packer) sailed in the service of the Royal Africa Company from London to Sierra Leone in Guinea and back to London, arriving in Guinea in October of that year. There the ship laded elephants teeth and bees wax.[52]

The Providence

The Providence (Master: Thomas Cheavers) sailed in the service of the Royal Africa Company from London to Guinea, arriving there in September 1663. Whilst lading negro slaves, the English ship was obstructed by a 400 ton 36 gun Dutch ship belonging to the Africa Company of the United Provinces, manned with ca. 100 men.[53]


?1664=


The Hopewell

The Hopewell (Master: Stephen North) sailed from London to "the coasts of Guinney and Binney". The ship is described as arriving at the island of Goreo on the coasts of Guinea, being freighted and imployed by "the Royal Company of Merchants trading to Guiney and other parts thereabouts". "Having information by the negroes that there was a ffleet of great shipps seene making up for the island", the commander of an English man of war called the Guift, called on the eight English ships nearby to assist in defending the island. The Hopewell's goods and guns were unladen on the island to better defend the place. The anticipated fleet was a Dutch fleet under the command of Admiral de Ruyter.[54]

In defiance of the master, Stephen North, the company of the Hopewell yielded up their ship to de Ruyter, on the promise of receiving full freight and wages. The rest of the English ships yielded, followed several days later by the English fort on the island of Goreo. The Hopewell' was subsequently released by de Ruyter and Stephen North agreed with de Ruyter to carry the commander of the Goree fort, Major Saint George, together with sixty people from the island, their arms and two guns, to Gamboa. In return, North received a bill of exchange from de Ruyter drawn on the "Lords of the West India company at Amsterdam".[55]
  1. ↑ HCA 13/61 f.200r
  2. ↑ HCA 13/63 f.222v
  3. ↑ HCA 13/129 unfol. File_II0_PANA_P1100950-P1100952
  4. ↑ HCA 13/129 unfol. File_II0_PANA_P1100950-P1100952
  5. ↑ HCA 13/73 f.566v
  6. ↑ HCA 13/62 unfol. 130D3300 DSC_0146
  7. ↑ HCA 13/63 f.222v
  8. ↑ HCA 13/63 f.222v
  9. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.271v
  10. ↑ HCA 13/72 f.5r
  11. ↑ Valuation of goods and ship, Nostra Señiora da Rosario, submitted by Admiralty Court proctor Suckley, December 2nd 1657, HCA 15/6, un fol. See Manoel Alvares
  12. ↑ HCA 13/124 f.58v
  13. ↑ HCA 13/124 f.59r
  14. ↑ HCA 13/124 f.34v
  15. ↑ HCA 13/65 f.96r
  16. ↑ HCA 13/65 f.96r
  17. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.664r
  18. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.664v
  19. ↑ HCA 24/111 Folder_111_10_IMG_1685
  20. ↑ HCA 24/111 Folder_111_10_IMG_1694
  21. ↑ MRP:_HCA_15/6_Box_Two#Item:_Book_of_account_of_the_Constant_Ruth:_Date:_May_1652; HCA 13/70 f.165v
  22. ↑ HCA 13/68 f.55r
  23. ↑ HCA 13/68 f.55v
  24. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.165v
  25. ↑ HCA 13/68 f.529r
  26. ↑ HCA 13/68 57r
  27. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.348r
  28. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.348v
  29. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.308v
  30. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.41v
  31. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.140r
  32. ↑ HCA 13/72 f.334v
  33. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.398r
  34. ↑ HCA 13/72 f.67r
  35. ↑ HCA 13/70 f.410v
  36. ↑ HCA 13/72 f.67r
  37. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.608r
  38. ↑ HCA 13/72 f.29r
  39. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.619r
  40. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.619v
  41. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.701v
  42. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.634r
  43. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.634v
  44. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.634v
  45. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.628r
  46. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.632r
  47. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.632v
  48. ↑ HCA 13/71 f.633r
  49. ↑ HCA 13/73 f.628r
  50. ↑ HCA 13/73 f.500r
  51. ↑ HCA 13/73 f.540r
  52. ↑ HCA 13/74 f.549r
  53. ↑ http://www.marinelives.org/wiki/MRP:_HCA_23/19#Document_Number:_257:_Case:_XXXX:_Date:_XXXX HCA 23/19, Item: 257]
  54. ↑ HCA 13/74 f.641r
  55. ↑ HCA 13/74 f.641v

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