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Christopher Willoughby will

PROB 11/365 North 1-47 Will of Christopher Willoughby of Bishopstone, Wiltshire 17 February 1681

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See George Willoughby will

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[In the RH margin at top] Christopher Willoughby armigeri

IN THE NAME OF GOD AMEN the Nynteenth day of October One Thousand six hundred Eighty I Christopher Willoughby of Bishopston in the Countie of Wilts Esquire being at present under greate indisposition of Bodie but of perfect sence memorie and composure of minde, praised be God and as a Christian considering that nothing is more certaine than death and its tyme nothing more uncertaine and to the end that when it shall please God to call mee out of this mortall life I may have noe worldly thing to perplex my thoughts with, have made and declared and doe make and declare this my last Will and Testament in manner and former following (that is to say)

FIRST and principallie I committ to the earth to be decently and Christianlike buried by my Executor hereinafter named or by such other freinds as shall be with mee att the tyme of my decease in the Chauncell of the parish Church of Bishopston aforesaid as neere unto my late good wife as may be ordering that my funerall expences exceed not Two hundred pounds besides what is expressed in this my will for mourning

And as touching the worldly Estate which it hath pleased God to blesse mee withall I will give and devise thereof as in manner following (that is to say)

FFIRST my will and minde is that all such juste reall and true and conscionable debts and summes of money which I shall truely owe unto anie persons whatsoever at the tyme of my decease shall be satisfyed & payd w:th all convenient speed

ITEM whereas I have purchased a liveing called Dawdings of the yearely value of Thirtie three pounds lying in the parish of fframpton Cotterill in the countie of Gloucester wherein I now have fower lives that is to say) Cicely ?Edy now Madox Mary Locke now Maddox Hannah Sambrooke the daughter of M:r samuel Sambrooke and Christopher Lock Now I the said Christopher Willoughby doe here by give and bequeath the said Living called Dowdings and all the rents issues and profitts thereof to them and there assigns as it shall fall to them according to the Custome of the Mannour.

ITEM I give and bequeath into my cousin M:r George Willoughby of London Marchant for and during the terme of his naturall life all that Rectory and parsonage of Bishopston and the Mannour and all the proffitts and Appurtenances thereunto belonging which I have by Indenture bearing date the Twentie fourth day of February One thousand six hundred seaventie one demised greannted and to farme letten unto Humphrey Edwyn of London Marchant and Giles Stoole cittizen and scrivener of the London for the terme of nyntie nine yeares from the say of the date of the said Indenture (if Mary Willoighby my wife Cicely Maddox wife of John Maddox and Christopher Locke sonne of William Locke of Wyley deceased or anie of them should soe long live) att for and under the yearlie rent of one pepper Corne And whereas alsoe the said Humphrey Edwyn and Giles ??Steale by theire Indenture bearing date the Twenty Seaventh day of february One thousand six hundred seaventie one have demised graunted and to farme letten into mee the said Rectory and parsonage with the Appurtenances and all the profitts thereunto belonging for the Terme of fourscore and eighteene yeares Three Quarters of a yeare Two months and Twentie six dayes commencing from the date of the said Indenture (if the said Mary Willoighby Cicely maddox and Christopher Locke or any of them should soe long live, and after the decease of the said George Willoughby I doe hereby give and bequeath the said Rectory and parsonage of Bishopston and the Mannor and Copiehold thereunto belonging into his sonne Christopher Willoughby during the Terme of his naturall life and after his decease I give the said Rectory and parsonage unto the issue of his bodie lawfullie begotten and for want of such issue liveing at the tyme of his death, Then I give and bequeath the said Rectory and parsonage unto and betwixt his two Systers Barbara and Elizabeth Willoughby equally part and part a like and the heires of theire Bodies lawfully begotten and to be begotten And it is my Will and
Minde

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MINDE that the said Premisses are given as aforesaid upon the condition that whoever shall enjoy the said Rectorie and Parsonage by vertue of this bequest shal pay or cause to be paid unto my wife M:rs Mary Willoughby during the Terme of her naturall life Fiftie pounds per Annum as by certaine Articles bearing date the Fourth day of July One thousand six hundred seaventie one made upon my marriage with the said M:rs Mary Willoughby (and by my Bond amongst other things) I am obliged to pay her

ITEM I give and bequeath all that Rectorie and Parsonage of S:t Martins in or neare to the Citty of New Sarum in the County of Wilts (which is now fully ??slated (Or "stated") with three lives and all the profitts and Appurtenances to the smae belonging unto my said Cosin M:r George Willoughby for and during the Terme of his naturall life and after his decease I give and bequeath the said Rectorie and parsonage unto his sonne Christopher Willoughby and the issue of his bodie lawfully to be begotten and for want of such issue to his sisters Barbara and Elizabeth to be equally devided

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VERTUE of this my will shall not only sta?te in the severall lives as by me is after in this my will appoynted but alsoe pay out of the Rents issues and profitts of the same the severall annuall summes following (viz:t) unto M:rs Elizabeth Fridham the summe of ffive and Twentie pounds per Annum during the Terme of her naturall life which by Bond I am obligeged to pay her and which I would have paid her at such dayes and tymes as by the said Bond the same is appoynted to be paid To Goody Babb of Edington in the Countie of Middlesex ffower poundes per Annum during her life To John Browne of the same Three poundes per Anno during her life To Sir John Willoughby And to Mary and Elizabneth Willoughby his sisters Tenn poundes per Annum a peece during theire respective lives and to my late Wives old freind Mistris Mary Wheeler five poundes per Annum during her life All which summes are to be paid to each and every of the said parties by two payments in the yeare the first halfe yeares payment to beginne on that Quarter day which shall next happen after I have been dead a full halfe yeare And it is my Will and minde and I doe hereby order and appoynt that the person whoe shall enjoy the said ffarme and Mannor of Bishopston and the Copieholds and Quitt Rents thereunto belonging by vertue of this my Will shall at the first Court after my decease to be holden for the Mannour of Bishopston grannt an Estate by Copie of Court Roll of all that Tenement in Bishopston aforesaid called the ?Weshold unto my cousin Mary Maddox the wife of Master Richard Maddoex for her life according to the Custome of the Mannor and shall permitt and suffer her to have the profitts thereof which shall become due the next halfe yeare after my decease And whhereas John Wilson is dead and his widowe hath only her widowes Estate in his halfe yard Lands worth about fower poundes per Annum I doe hereby appoynt that at the same Court a Copy shall be grannted of it into my servant Mary Tyler for her life and in case the person or persons enjoying the said ffarme and Mannor of Bishopston shall neglect or refuse to pay the severall legacies as by mee in this my will is directed or to grannt the Estates before mentioned by copie as aforesaid for the space of three moneths next after any legacie is due or after a Court shall be there held then th epersons soe injured to have power to enter into and upon the said mannor and farme and to hold and retaine the same till they are satisfyed theire dues with theire Costs and dammages

IETME I give and devise all the Mannor of Watchifield in the County of Berks and all the Copieholds thereunto belonging and ll the rents issues and profitts thereof unto my said Cousin Master George Willoughby for and during the terme of his naturall life and after his decease I give and bequeath the said Mannor and Copiehold and all other the premisses unto Christopher Willoughby sonne of the said George Willoughby duirng the treme of his naturall life and after his decease I give and devise the same to the first sonne of the Bodie of the said Christopher Willoughby lawfully begotten and to the heires of the Bodie of such first sonne to be begotten and for default of such issue to the second sonne of the bodie of the said Christopher Willoughby lawfully begotten and to the heires of the body of such second sonne lawfullie to be begotten and soe to the Third fourth ffifth and everie other sonne and sonnes of the bodie of the said Christopher Willoughby lawfullie begotten and to the heires of the Bodie of everie such sonne to be begotten the eldest and the heires of his bodie being alwaies preferred before the younger and the heires of his bodie and for default of such issue I give and devise the aforesaid premisses unto and amongst his sisters equallie and theire heires for ever upon this condition and it is my will and minde that whosoever shall enjoy the said mannour and Copyholds by vertue of this bequest shall pay unto my late servant Mary the wife of John ?Spainswick fower pounds per Annum during her
LIFE

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LIFE To my servant Joane ??Harten Twelve pounds per Annum during her life To my servant Justin Miles ffive pounds per Annum during his life To my serv:t XXX ?Tyler ffive pounds per Annum during her life To my servant Edward Edmonds fower pounds per Annum duirng his life And it is my will and minde that the aforesaid Annuities shall be paid yearely The first payment to beginne and be made on the first quarter day that shall next happen after I have been dead Twelve moneths And afterwards upon that Quarter day in every yeare And it is my will and minde that in case the person or persons whoe shall enyoy the said mannor of Watchfeild by vertue of thsi bequest shall neglect or refuse to pay the severall legacies or Annuities before by me given out of it according as I have directed or within six moneths after unto all or annie of the severall persons aforesaid That then such person and persons soe injured shall have power and are hereby impowred to enter into and upon the said Manno:r and to detaine the same and the profitts thereof untill they be satisffied theire Legacies with theire Costs and charges

ITEM I forgive unto my sister Hercules ?Lake whatever she owes mee and further I give her forescore poundes and to her sonne Christopher ??Loike Threescore and tenn pounds

ITEM I give unto Richard Moore Twenty poundes and to and amongst his children Twentie pounds equallie to be devided

ITEM I give unto the daughter of M:r Henry White of Knoyle ffifteene poundes

ITEM I forgive John Huett the seaventeene poundes he owes mee upon Bond And the One hundred poundes I lent him in May One thousand six hundred sixtie seaven for which he gave mee a judgment and I give unto him fiftie pounds more

ITEM I give unto S:r John Willoughby Knight of the habitt of Christ Eightie poundes And to his sisters Mary and Elizabeth Eighty pounds a peece being the chilfdren of my Cousin Robert Willoughby of Maderoes

ITEM I give unto my cousin Cap:t Henry Sheeres Tenn pounds To the East India Companie Almshouse ffortie poundes To the poore of the parish where I shall happen to die Tenn pounds To Willoughby Atkins daughter of my sisters sonne Joseph Atkins fortie pounds To the child of Helen Atkins Grandchild of my sister Anne Atkins Thirtie pounds To Master Richard Scott Twentie pounds To his youngest daughter Thirtie pounds

ITEM I give unto my servants Austin Mills Joane Horton and Mary Tyler ffiftie poundes a peece To my servant Edward Edward Edmonds fortie pounds and to my servant Susanna Horton Thirtie pounds and to my late servant Mary Spainwick Twentie pounds

ITEM I give I

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LONDON and master John Foster of Marlborough to be Overseers of this my last Will and Testament unto whome I give Twentie pounds a peece fpr theire paynes therein desireing them to by ayding and assisting to my says Executor XXXXX performance of this my will which I desire my XXXXX Chancery and therein XXXXX which I desire my Overseers to see done to the XXXX that all things may be performed according to my true intent and meaning

ITEM I give unto my servant Austin Mills all my apparrell linnen and woollen

ITEM I give unto my servant Joane Horton the nedd rugg Curtaines hangings pillowes XXXX a paire of blnketts a paire of sheetes now in the Trunk XXXX and two leather chaires and to Mary Tyler the best bed curtaines hangings a paire of blanketts a paire of sheetes in the Chamber over the kitchin and two leather chaires And to Austin Mills and Edward Edmonds Two Bedds and furniture in the mens Chamber and each of them a paire of sheetes and Austin to have his Choyce And to Susanne Horton the Trundle bedd and furniture in the Kitchin Chamber And further it is my will and minde that the Annuitie before given to my late servant Mary Spanswick shall not commence till after the death of her husband And further it is my Will and meaning that my Executor before named shall not be compelled to pay anie Legacie before mentioned amounting to Fiftie pounds and under one hundred pounds till six months after my decease nor amounting to One hundred pounds upwards till Twelve months after my decease but it shall be wholy at his discretion whether he will pay anie of them in other manner

IN WITNESSE whereof I have hereunto to every sheet put my hand and my seale to the whole dated the day and yeare above written:

CHR: WILLOUGHBY:

Signed sealed published and declared by the said Testator as and for his last Will and Testament being written in Nyne Sheetes of paper the word fower in the ffifth folio being first interlined in the presence of Tho Kingston Vicar of ?Shrinham, Jo: Stubbes Rector of Hinton Parva John Rowland Vicar of Bishopstone John ?Harwand of Wanbrow Jo ffoster of Marlborough

PROBATUM fuit hummor Testamentum suprascriptum Apud London Coram venerabili viro Domino Thoma Exton Milite Legum Doctore Surrogato venerabilis et egregij viri domini Leolini Jenkins Milite Legum etial Doctoris Curia Prarogativa Cantuariensis Magistri Custodis sine Commissary ltimme constituti Decimo Septimo Die Mensis ffebruary Anno Domini (Stylo Anglia) Millesimo Sexcentssimo Octogesimo juramento Georgy Willoughby Executoris in humoj Testamento nominati Cui commissa fuit Administraio omnium bonor jurium et creditorum dict defunct de bene et fideliter administrando Eadem ad Sancta dei Evangelia jurat.

Notes

Bishopstone, Wiltshire

"Bishopstone

Bishopstone is 10 km. east of Swindon on Wiltshire's border with that part of Oxfordshire which was formerly part of Berkshire. The parish, 3,520 a. (1,424 ha.), was increased to 2,299 ha. (5,681 a.) in 1934 when its neighbour Little Hinton was added to it. It was long and narrow, 7 km. by 2 km., one of several such parishes running north-west and south-east across the flat clay land of the Cole valley up the chalk of the Marlborough and Berkshire Downs, and, with roughly equal amounts of each kind of land, it conformed to the type....

Manors and Other Estate

...In the early 16th century the bishops leased their demesne lands to members of the Precy family and in 1542 Bishop Salcot granted a lease of them until 1605 to John Precy. In 1548 the bishop leased the whole manor, subject to the Precys' interest, to John Knight for 99 years. Knight was possibly a trustee of the Precys. Charles Precy held the manor from 1600 or earlier until his death in 1626. It passed to Thomas Precy and Henry Shelley, possibly his executors. In 1626–7 they sold the lease to Gilbert Keate (d. 1657–8) to whom new leases were granted in 1629 and 1636. Gilbert was succeeded by his son Jonathan (created a baronet in 1660) to whom a new lease was granted in 1661. Keate assigned his lease in 1663–4 to Christopher Willoughby (d. 1681) and it passed to Christopher's cousin George Willoughby (knighted in 1686, d. 1695). In 1692–3 Willoughby settled his leaseholds of the manor and prebend of Bishopstone and new leases were granted to his trustees. They passed together to his son Christopher (d. 1715), to Christopher's son George (d. 1751), and to George's son Henry....

In 1647 there was on the manor a ten-room house, built of and roofed with stone, with thatched outbuildings. It stood south-west of the church, between the church and the Swindon-Wantage road, and was lived in by the Willoughbys. In 1757 it was settled for life on Jane, relict of George Willoughby (d. 1751). From 1803 it was held by James Puzey (d. 1837) who kept a school in it. In 1840 the house was said to be large, dilapidated, and only partly occupied. Drawings of it made in 1845 show it to have been in a mixture of styles. Wings were taken down in 1852. In 1862 the house was taken into the prebendal estate by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners in exchange for land, and was demolished."^[1]

Captain Henry Sheeres

"January 13. Captain Henry Sheeres, John Mapletoft, M.D., and Signor Francisco Travagini were proposed candidates, the first in the name of Sir Joseph Williamson, the second by Mr. Hooke, and the third by Mr. Oldenburg."^[2]
- It is possible that Captain Henry Sheeres was later knighted, and was in charge of the mole at Tangier, but this requires confirmation
- See Henry Sheeres, A discourse touching Tanger:: in a letter to a person of quality. : To which is added, The interest of Tanger (London, 1680)
- See A discourse of sea-ports: principally of the port and haven of Dover: written by Sir Walter Rawleigh, and address'd to Queen Elizabeth. With useful remarks, &c. on that subject, by command of his late Majesty K. Charles the Second. Never before made publick (London, 1700) [One of the authors is supposedly Henry Sheeres]

Possible primary sources

Berkshire Record Office

Berkshire Record Office: Miscellaneous Unofficial Collections, Catalogue No 1: Journal D/EX 10 1675-1802:
- Volume described as 'Journal Belongeing to Christopher Willoughby, Esq., Begineing 1675 No.6' but containing tithe and some form of estate accounts for the Kintbury and Hamstead Marshall area, 1771-1802 [includes pp.38r and 39r census figures for Hamstead Marshall, 1801]. D/EX 10/1 1675-1802
- Note: it is possible that this is Christopher Willoughby (b. ?, d. ca. 1681), since Kintbury lies ca. thirteen miles from Bishopstone

Cambridge University, King's College Archive Centre

Cambridge University, King's College Archive Centre: Estate Records [KCAR/6/2/133 - KCAR/6/2/180: Kersey (including Groton, Lindsey, Semer, Whatfield), Suffolk KCAR/6/2/095 c.1150-1947: Upavon, Wiltshire KCAR/6/2/161 1615-1902: Title deeds KCAR/6/2/161/01 1615-1860: Deed poll UPA/23 22 Jan 1661 (1661/2)]
- 1 item, parchment; Contents: Poll whereby Samuel Sambrooke and Edward Anthony state that £2,500 paid in assignment [UPA/22] was the proper money of Christopher Willoughby, merchant.

Cambridge University, King's College Archive Centre: Estate Records [KCAR/6/2/133 - KCAR/6/2/180: Kersey (including Groton, Lindsey, Semer, Whatfield), Suffolk KCAR/6/2/095 c.1150-1947: Upavon, Wiltshire KCAR/6/2/161 1615-1902: Title deeds KCAR/6/2/161/01 1615-1860: Farm lease UPA/30 14 Jul 1662]
- 1 item, parchment; Contents: Tripartite indenture by Samuel Sambrooke and Edward Anthony, leasing Barons Farm at the instruction of Christopher Willoughby to Elizabeth Strutt.

Cambridge University, King's College Archive Centre: Estate Records [KCAR/6/2/133 - KCAR/6/2/180: Kersey (including Groton, Lindsey, Semer, Whatfield), Suffolk KCAR/6/2/095 c.1150-1947: Upavon, Wiltshire KCAR/6/2/161 1615-1902: Title deeds KCAR/6/2/161/01 1615-1860: Will of Christopher Willoughby UPA/31 19 Oct 1680]
- 1 item (12 pages), paper; Contents: Attested copy

Cambridge University, King's College Archive Centre: Estate Records [KCAR/6/2/133 - KCAR/6/2/180: Kersey (including Groton, Lindsey, Semer, Whatfield), Suffolk KCAR/6/2/095 c.1150-1947: Upavon, Wiltshire KCAR/6/2/161 1615-1902: Title deeds KCAR/6/2/161/01 1615-1860: Rectory demise UPA/32 29 Oct 1680]
- 1 item, parchment, Contents: Indenture demising Upavon rectory and Barons Farm to specific uses, by Christopher Willougby to George Willoughby. A seal is attached.

Cambridge University, King's College Archive Centre: Estate Records [KCAR/6/2/133 - KCAR/6/2/180: Kersey (including Groton, Lindsey, Semer, Whatfield), Suffolk KCAR/6/2/095 c.1150-1947: Upavon, Wiltshire KCAR/6/2/161 1615-1902: Title deeds KCAR/6/2/161/01 1615-1860: Marriage settlement UPA/33 25 Oct 1692]
- 1 item, paper; Contents: Quadrapartite indenture over the marriage of Christopher Willougby and Martha Ernle, between Sir George and Christopher Willoughby, Henage Norton and Richard Northleigh, Walter and Martha Ernle, Michael Ernle and Samuel Eyre.
- Note: the Christopher Willoughby referred to in this above document is the nephew of Christopher Willoughby (d. ca. 1681), and Sir George Willoughby referred to in the same document is the cousin of Christopher Willoughby (d. ca. 1681)

Chippenham Record Office

CC/Bishopric 10/1: 'Book of Reference To the Plan of Bishopstone Manor in the Hundred of Ramsbury And County of Wilts Belonging to the Right Honourable Henry Fox Surveye A.D 1758'^[3]
- "The original 1758 survey was accompanied by a colourfully drawn map by Francis Howard Willington for Henry Fox, later to become Lord Holland"
- Includes the following information on 'Lifeholders':

• "Mrs Willoughby:

For Life Aged about 62
The Mansion House at Bishopstone, Offices, Yards and Garden 3 2 20
The Court Orchard now leased out for lives 0 3 10
The Wildernefs 1 0 26
The Drying Yard 0 2 16
Total Belonging to the Mansion House 6 0 32

NB. The Above is an Old Seat, and very fit for the reception of a Gentlemans
Family, as there is a great deal of rooms belonging to it, and the Gardens
kept in extreme good Order, therefore beleive, that it may be let for £40 a year,
(after the Expiration of Mrs Willoughby, who has her Life therein) as the
Premifses are in tolerable good repair"

TNA

C 5/435/110 Willoughby v. Willoughby: Gloucester. 1662

C 6/82/36 Short title: Rowden v Willoughby. Plaintiffs: Richard Rowden. Defendants: Christopher Willoughby. Subject: property in Little Langford, Wiltshire. Document type: answer only. 1679
C 6/109/162 Short title: Thynne v Thynne. Plaintiffs: Sir James Thynne kt. Defendants: Sir Henry Frederick Thynne kt and bart, William Hussey, John Bampfield, Benjamin Lewye, James Foster, Christopher Willoughby and others. Subject: manors of Warminster, Corsley, Whitbourne, Bugby, and Deverill, Wiltshire. 1650

C 6/236/67 Short title: Willoughby v Locke. Plaintiffs: George Willoughby. Defendants: Hercules Locke. Subject: property in Upavon, Wiltshire. Document type: bill, answer, replication. 1680
C 6/260/113 Short title: Willoughby v Tyte. Plaintiffs: Sir George Willoughby kt and Dame Dorothea Willoughby his wife. Defendants: Thomas Tyte. Subject: personal estate of the deceased Geoffrey Northleigh, of Wiltshire, and Middlesex. Document type: bill, answer. 1688

PROB 11/53 Holney Will of Christopher Willoughbye of Knoyle Odierne, Wiltshire 11 May 1571 (pp. 7)
PROB 11/177 Lee 52-114 Will of George Willoughby, Merchant of London 04 July 1638
PROB 11/258 Berkeley 313-362 Will of Robert Willoughby or Wiloughby of Funchal, Island of Madeira 21 October 1656
PROB 11/319 Mico 1-46 Will of John Maddox, Merchant of London 10 February 1666
PROB 11/365 North 1-47 Will of Christopher Willoughby of Bishopstone, Wiltshire 17 February 1681
- Christopher Willoughby, London merchant, correspondent of Sir George Oxenden
PROB 11/388 Foot 90-132 Will of Mary Willoughby, Widow of Saint James Westminster, Middlesex 12 September 1687
PROB 11/426 Irby 85-124 Will of Sir George Willoughby of Bishopstone, Wiltshire 04 June 1695
- Basil Duke Henning (1983: 740) identifies this as the correct will for George Willoughby (c. 1636-1695), som of Robert Willoughby of Funchal, Madeira

Wiltshire and Swindon Archives

Wiltshire and Swindon Archives: The Long Families of Rood Ashton, South Wraxall, Whaddon, Draycot Cerne and Elsewhere: FAMILY AND PERSONAL; 16TH-18TH CENTURIES [no ref. or date: Correspondence and associated papers [no ref. or date]: [no title] 947/1872 1667]
- Contents: Bond whereby Charles Jones of South Wraxall and others indemnify Walter Long of South Wraxall (d.1669), who had entered into a recognizance with Christopher Willoughby, sheriff of Wiltshire, for the appearance of Andrew Matthew of Trowle in the parish of Bradford at Westminster.
Bundle of receipted bills for personal, household, garden, park, stables and Home Farm expenses, and for subscriptions and charitable donations, settled by Richard Penruddocke Long of Rood Ashton.

Wiltshire and Swindon Archives: St Mary's Parish, Bishopstone (North Wiltshire): Register: baptisms, marriages and burials. PR/Bishopstone, St. Mary/1364/1 1573-1675

Possible secondary sources

1. ↑ D. A. Crowley (editor), A. P. Baggs, Jane Freeman, Janet H. Stevenson, 'Parishes: Bishopstone', A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 12: Ramsbury and Selkley hundreds; the borough of Marlborough (1983), pp. 3-12. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66513 Date accessed: 08 January 2012
2. ↑ Thomas Birch, The history of the Royal Society of London for improving of natural knowledge from its first rise, in which the most considerable of those papers communicated to the Society, which have hitherto not been published, are inserted as a supplement to the Philosophical Transactions, vol. 3, (London, 1757), p. 161
3. ↑ http://pope-genealogy.me.uk/Bishopstonesurvey1758.htm, viewed 08/01/12