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tymes while hee soe had the sayd Accompts, hee the sayd Kinnaston made
some queres to this deponent touching some perticulers of the sayd Accompts
and this deponent gave him such satisfactorie answers therein that hee tooke
noe exception at the sayd Accompts And further hee cannot depose./

To the 4th article hee saith hee being Accompt keeper as aforesayd thereby knoweth
that after the sale aforesayd and the sayd South and Pryor their refusall to sett out
any part of the sayd Quarter part of the sayd shipp discovery alias Saint Jacob
the sayd South and Pryor did not lay out any money upon the imployment
of the said shipp nor jhad any part in her as hee beleeveth for the reasons
aforesayd And further saving his foregoeing deposition hee cannot depose/

To the 5th hee saith hee being Accompt keeper as aforesayd knoweth that
in the yeare 1650 arlate the sayd South Prior Clements and Thompson
came to and made an other Accompt concerning some Spanish prizes taken by
the sayd shipp discovery alias Saint Jacob and also concerning all other things
betweene them, which Accompt this deponent by order of the sayd Clements
did deliver to the sayd Smith and Pryor, who did receave them of this
deponent and did appeare thereof and tooke warrants to receave what
was due unto them upon the ballance of the sayd Accompt, to receave the same
of the arlate Nathan Wright who had moneys in his hands concerning
the sayd prizes, and this deponent having searched the bookes of the sayd
Nathan Wright doth finde thereby that the same was accordingly paid
to them the sayd South and Pryor by the sayd Nathan Wright And further
to this article hee cannot depose/

To the last hee saith that hee this deponent being the arlate John Tysoe
was by ioynt consent of the arlate South Prior and Clements and alsoe of
the sayd Thompson and others interessed in the sayd shipp discovery alias Saint Jacob and
Spanish prizes aforesayd appointed Accomptant for them all, and entered all receipts and
disbursements about the same into a fayer booke which hee kept and still
hath of the same, And saith the sayd South Pryor Clements and Thompson
in the yeares 1645 (sic) and 1650 and before did severall tymes
meete and peruse the sayd booke, and did not anyway except against
the same but did approve and allowe thereof And further hee cannot depose

Repeated before doctor Godolphin

John Tysoe [SIGNATURE, RH SIDE]

******************************

The second day of March 1657 English style/

Cole and others against Treworgy and Company)
ffrancklin Smith)

Examined on an allegation on behalfe of the saydd Cole
and others./

Rp.

Richard Leader of the Barbados Merchant aged
forty eight yeares or thereabouts a wittnesse sworne and
examined saith and deposeth as followeth videlicet./

Sources

Primary sources

TNA

PROB

PROB 11/274 Wootton 106-155 Will of Nathan or Nathaniell Wright of Saint Olave Hart Street, City of London 27 April 1658

Topics

New Merchant?

Nathan Wright has been described by Robert Brenner as a "New Merchant" and as one of the leaders of the alleged East Indies interloping "syndicate", which Brenner asserts was led by Maurice Thomson. Brenner has also described Wright as one of Thomson's "old interloping partners", along with Thomas Andrewes, Nathaniel Andrewes, Jeremy Blackman, and Samuel Moyer, when characterising the Assada plantation joint stock in which Wright invested in February 1650.^[1]

This characterisation of Nathan Wright by Brenner as a "New Merchant" is misleading. It fails to capture the nature of Wright's social background and his trading activities, and fails to position him and them in the competitive and risky world of mid-seventeenth century trade.

Family background

Firstly, Nathan Wright came from a socially respectable background, from a family which had land, and whose sons studied at the inns of court and the universities as well as entering commercial life as London merchants. Clarendon, writing of Nathan Wright's younger brother, the merchant Sir Benjamin Wright, called him "a gentleman of a good family in Essex.^[2]

Nathan and Benjamin were younger sons of Robert Wright(e), who was admitted pensioner at Trinity college, Cambridge, in 1571, graduating B.A. in 1574 and M.A. in 1578. Robert Wright is described in the Dictionary of National Biography (1885-1900) as "an ardent Calvinist," who "received ordination at Antwerp from Villiers or Cartwright in the Genevan form."^[3] Burke (1838) states that Robert Wright was the rector of the parish of Dennington, Suffolk for thirty-four years, dying in the year 1624.^[4] According to Burke, who spells the Cranham Hall branch family name as "Wrighte", Nathan Wright was the second of four brother; the eldest being a thrice married barrister-at-law Euseby Wright, and the younger two being the merchant Sir Benjamin Wright and the cleric Ezekiel Wright. This is consistent with the Visitation of Essex, 1552-1634, in which the birth order of the brothers is shown as Euseby, Nathaniell, Benjamin, and Ezekiell, with a further four sisters, Mary (married to Robert Cooper, a London merchant), Eunice (married to Layny Rous of Bricklesey/Brightlingsea, Essex), Martha (married to John Borodale, of N/A, Essex), and Jane.^[5] However, Hawes (1798), reproducing a primary manuscript, suggests that Nathan Wright was the fourth rather than the second son.^[6]

The eldest son of Rev. Robert Wright, Euseby, is described variously as "Esquire" and "Gentleman" in primary documents. For example, described as "Esquire" he appears with his father in a primary document dated 1615, which relates to land enclosure in Dennington.^[7] In the Lincoln's Inn entry book, recording his admission to Lincoln's Inn on January 25th, 1602/03, he is described as "of Suff., gen., of Furnival's Inn."^[8] The arms of a Eusebius Wright are recorded in a nineteenth century history of the Inns of Court as appearing in the West window of Lincoln's Inn.^[9] In the 1640s Euseby Wright appears in primary records as "Euseby Wright esq. of Great ('Much') Totham."^[10]

A modern genealogical sources states that Nathan Wright's mother was Jane Boteler of Thoby, Essex.^[11] However, Burke (1838) states that Nathan Wright's mother was Jane Butler, daughter of John Butler, esq., of Sheby, Essex, and sister of Sir Oliver Butler, of Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire.^[12]

Burke, followed by Foss, states that Nathan Wright was the the grandson of John Wright(e) of Wright(e)'s Bridge near Hornchurch, and that this John Wright(e) was also of Gray's Inn.^[13]

Benjamin Wright, one of Nathan Wright's younger brothers, was a London merchant who was based for many years in Madrid. He was knighted by Charles I, and was made baronet in 1645/46 [KNIGHTHOOD AND BARONETCY DETAILS REQUIRE PRIMARY SOURCE CONFIRMATION]. There is an extensive portrait of this brother in the footnotes to Clarendon's History of the rebellion and civil wars in England.^[14] Nathan Wright's youngest brother was the Cambridge educated cleric Ezekiel Wright, who was clerk and rector of Thurcaston, Leicestershire.^[15]

Nathan Wright's cousin, Sir Henry Wright of Dagenhams, Essex, and Nathan Wright's eldest son, Benjamin Wright, were both knighted and raised to baronets by Charles II in 1660 or 1661 [CHECK].^[16] The father of Sir Henry Wright, Laurence Wright, M.D., who died in 1657, was Nathan Wright's uncle.^[17]

Nathan Wright's wife Ann Fleming, of Warley Place, [?Great Warley, ?Essex], came from a XXXX background [SPECULATIVE].^[18]

His apprentices and sons-in-law were also drawn from wealthy and socially successful families. Two of his three sons-in-law were themselves merchants and his eldest daughter's two husbands were both possibly London lawyers. For example, Robert Burdett, a former apprentice and later a commercial partner of Nathan Wright, was the second son of Sir Thomas Burdett, Bart.^[19] Robert Burdett went on to marry Mary Wright, the second of Nathan Wright's three daughters, and Burdett was himself knighted in 16XX [REQUIRES CONFIRMATION].^[20] Nathan Wright's eldest daughter, Susan, married firstly Charles Potts Esquire, who was possibly a Middle temple bencher [OCCUPATION TBC], and subsequently Francis Drake Esquire, who was possibly also a lawyer of Middle Temple.^[21] Nathan Wright's third daughter, Alice, married the London merchant John ?Wolfrie.

Commercial strategies and business approach

Secondly, Nathan Wright was pursuing a set of commercial strategies and approach to business building, which were common to many London based merchants in the 1640s and 1650s of quite varied social backgrounds and initial geographical interest. Key was the ability of a London based merchant to combine transoceanic acquisition (whether Atlantic or Indian) of goods of varied sorts and to make sale of these in a variety of European countries and ports, of which England and London were only part. Other merchants employed a similar strategy, but sourced their commodities closer to home, from ports on the Baltic and Mediterranean seas. The ability to arbitrage prices for specific types of goods across different geographies is likely to have enhanced the overall profitability of a portfolio of trading ventures, and to have distinguished substantial merchants with staying power from those working a narrower geographical and product agenda.

Examples of merchants pursuing similar strategies and approaches to business, who had contact with Sir George Oxenden and where there is sufficient documentation of commercial activities to make a judgement, include Sir William Ryder, Sir Mathew Hollsworthy, Sir Stephen White, and Sir James Modyford. The number and proportion of subscribers to the SVJS who pursued such strategies and approach is likely to have been high, but documentation of commercial activity over time is frequently poor making any quantitative judgement problematic.

Little documentation is available on Nathan Wright's commercial activities prior to the mid-1640s, though Wright may have been located in Bordeaux in 1628.^[22] If this is so, he may have started in the French wine trade, as did the Bristol born, but later London based, merchant, Sir Mathew Hollsworthy, whose family had strong historical links with Spanish trading.

It has been suggested, but not substantiated by this author from primary sources, that Nathan Wright and Samuel Mico may have been commercial partners early in their commercial careers.

Wright had links to the English East India Company from early in his commercial life, being made free of the Company through redemption by fine on January 14th 1629.^[23] In August 1632 Nathan Wright appears in the Court Minutes of the English East India Company, buying pepper both with Alderman Clitherowe and Mr. Mico (probably Samuel Mico).^[24]

In January 1640 Nathan Wright and Richard Crandley purchased a large quantity of fish from the London manager of the adventurers to Newfoundland, which they subsequently refused to pay for.^[25]

In the period 1643-1658, Nathan Wright traded in a broad range of goods, as is revealed from a variety of sources, including letters of advice, Chancery court cases, and parliamentary records. Prior to the Navigation Act of October 1651 Nathan Wright used Dutch as well as English shipping, as can be seen from parliamentary records of a case involving silks laden by Nathan Wright, Robert Burdett, and others at Messina, Naples and Leghorn bound for Amsterdam.^[26] Letters of advice sent from Alicante, in Spain and elsewhere for the period 1648-1652 reveal exports of tobacco, XXXX, and XXXX by Nathan Wright and Robert Burdett from London to various Mediterranean destinations, including XXX, XXX, and XXX.^[27]

Spanish connections

The two brothers, Nathan and Sir Benjamin Wright, had a strong orientation towards Spain. Nathan was heavily involved in trade with Alicante, as is documented in a substantial number of letters sent to him or mentioning him and his firm in the period 1648-1651.^[28]

In the mid-1640s Nathan Wright was explicitly described in an ordinance before the House of Lords as a "Spanish merchant."^[29] Others so described in the same ordinance included "Mr. Lentall," whose name was adjacent to Wright's. The same may have been the merchant Francis Lenthall, with whom Wright lent a substantial sum to parliament for the defence of the Devon ports. In September 1644 he, together with fellow London merchants Francis Lentall (alias Lenthall), and George Henly, lent £5,000 "for the defence of Plymouth, Poole, and Lyme Regis."^[30]

Benjamin's involvement in Spanish trade was perhaps even more significant; he was located in Madrid, where he died, whereas Nathan was based in London. The Visitation of Essex, 1552-1634 records describes Benjamin as "Benjamin Wright of London merchant and in Spain a:o 1638."^[31]

Clarendon noted that Sir Benjamin Wright was:

Bred a merchant in Madrid; where he had great business, and great reputation, and having married a wife of the family of Toledo, was become a perfect Spaniard, not only in the language, but in the generous part of their nature and customs.^[32]

Clarendon had considerable experience of Sir Benjamin Wright's generosity to draw on for his later reminiscences, and the Clarendon Papers for the period 1649 to 1654 are full of references to Sir Benjamin Wright. In 1651, as Sir Edward Hyde, he had departed Madrid in debt to Sir Benjamin to the tune of 25,656 ryals.^[33] In May 1650, prior to his departure from Madrid, and presumably as some sort of quid pro quo, Hyde had made proposals to the King of Spain for the settlement of Wright's accounts with the King of Spain and for "entering into a new contract to supply the latter with 150,000 crowns."^[34] An earlier memorial delivered by Hyde and Cottington to the King of Spain at an audience on Easter Tuesday 1650 reveals that the King of Spain had yet to repay Sir Benjamin Wright "certain great sums lent by him to the Spanish crown in 1643."^[35]

There is no direct evidence of a trading relationship between Nathan Wright and his younger brother Benjamin, however Benjamin's location in Madrid is likely to have been of assistance to Nathan in his Mediterranean trading. Moreover, Benjamin Wright used his brother Nathan Wright as a conduit for letters of intelligence he addressed from Madrid to John Thurloe, starting in 1655.

In a letter to John Thurloe dated April 20th, 1655, the by then knighted Sir Benjamin Wright acknowledged the risks he was taking corresponding with Thurlos, writing:

I depend and build my safety upon the promise your honor gave unto my brother, as he writt me, that his highnes would take me into his protection, and free me of any danger I might fall into. But my danger is, that before it can come to his highnesse notice, so suddayne a resolution may be taken agaynst me heere, that my head may be cutt off, before his highnes can have notice of my being in prison; and then, although he would take satisfaction for me, by cutting off other heades ther, none would be found to fitt my shoulders....The former written is the copie of my letter to your honor, sent by the way of France, under cover to my brother Nathan Wright^[36]

Nathan Wright's son, Benjamin, as the newly knighted Sir Benjamin Wright, accompanied Sir Richard Fanshawe on his embassy to the courts of Madrid in 1664. The son had clearly been exposed to the Spanish trade during his early adulthood since Sir Richard's wife, Lady Fanshawe, described him in her memoirs of the embassy as her "interpreter."^[37]

Politics of the two merchant brothers

The politics and quite possibly the religious beliefs of Nathan and Benjamin Wright were significantly different. Whereas Nathan Wright was active in advancing money to parliament during the first civil war, Sir Benjamin Wright made his home in Madrid available to visiting senior royalists, including Lord Cottington and Sir Edward Hyde, between 1649 and 1651.^[38]

Miscellaneous

1. ↑ Robert Brenner, Merchants and revolution: commercial change, political conflict, and London's overseas traders, 1550-1653 (Princeton, 1993), p. 612
2. ↑ Edward Hyde, The history of the rebellion and civil wars in England, to which is added an historical view of the affairs of Ireland, vol. 6 (Oxford, 1826), p. 500
3. ↑ Sidney Lee, 'Robert Wright (1556?–1624)' in Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, vol. 63, p.285. See http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wright,_Robert_%281560-1643%29_%28DNB00%29, viewed 30/11/11
4. ↑ 'Wrighte, of Cranham Hall' in John Burke, John Bernard Burke, A genealogical and heraldic history of the extinct and dormant baronetcies of England (London, 1838), p. 586; Robert Hawes, The history of Framlingham, in the county of Suffolk: including brief notices of the masters and fellows of Pembroke-Hall in Cambridge, from the foundation of the college, to the present time (?London, 1798), p. 441
5. ↑ 'Wright, no. 2', in Walter C. Metcalfe (ed.), The visitations of Essex by Hawley, 1552; Hervey, 1558; Cooke, 1570; Raven, 1612; and Owen and Lilly, 1634. To which are added Miscellaneous Essex pedigrees from various Harleian manuscripts: and an appendix containing Berry's Essex pedigrees (London, 1878), pp. 532-534. See http://www.archive.org/stream/visitationsofess1314metc#page/n7/mode/2up, viewed 30/11/11
6. ↑ Robert Hawes, The history of Framlingham, in the county of Suffolk: including brief notices of the masters and fellows of Pembroke-Hall in Cambridge, from the foundation of the college, to the present time (?London, 1798), p. 441
7. ↑ Suffolk Record Office: Dennington Parish Records: GENERAL FC 112/A [n.d.]: Agreement FC 112/A4/1 1615. See http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=173-fc112&cid=-1&Gsm=2008-06-18#-1, viewed 30/11/11
8. ↑ William Paley Baildon, The records of the honorable society of Lincoln's Inn, vol. 1 (London, 1896), folio 138, p. 136
9. ↑ Robert Richard Pearce, A history of the inns of court and chancery (London, 1848), p. 164
10. ↑ Essex Record Office: Deeds of Barrow Hill farm, Goldhanger: D/DU 1675/1/2: '30 July 1646, Feoffment: (i) Euseby Wright esq. of Great(`Much') Totham to (ii) William Sidey gentleman of Little Totham
11. ↑ http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I76988&tree=London, viewed 20/11/11
12. ↑ 'Wrighte, of Cranham Hall' in John Burke, John Bernard Burke, A genealogical and heraldic history of the extinct and dormant baronetcies of England (London, 1838), p. 586
13. ↑ 'Wright, of Dagenhams' and 'Wrighte, of Cranham Hall' in John Burke, John Bernard Burke, A genealogical and heraldic history of the extinct and dormant baronetcies of England (London, 1838), p. 586; Edward Foss, The judges of England: with sketches of their lives, and miscellaneous notices connected with the courts at Westminster, from the time of the conquest, vol. 7 (London, 1874), p. 408); PROB 11/314 Bruce 49-96 Will of Sir Henry Wright of Dagenham, Essex 14 June 1664, Note: The Foss description of the Wright family history remains to be confirmed from primary sources
14. ↑ Edward Hyde, The history of the rebellion and civil wars in England, to which is added an historical view of the affairs of Ireland, vol. 6 (Oxford, 1826), pp. 363-368
15. ↑ PROB 11/329 Coke 1-56 Will of Ezethiell Wright, Batchelor in Divinity and Rector of Thurcaston, Leicestershire 30 December 1668 pp. 1-7; PROB 11/331 Coke 108-166 Sentence of Ezekiel Wright, Clerk of Thurcaston, Leicestershire 28 January 1669
16. ↑ Edward Foss, The judges of England: with sketches of their lives, and miscellaneous notices connected with the courts at Westminster, from the time of the conquest, vol. 7 (London, 1874), p. 408); PROB 11/314 Bruce 49-96 Will of Sir Henry Wright of Dagenham, Essex 14 June 1664, Note: The Foss description of the Wright family history remains to be confirmed from primary sources
17. ↑ 'Wright, of Dagenhams' in John Burke, John Bernard Burke, A genealogical and heraldic history of the extinct and dormant baronetcies of England (London, 1838), p. 586
18. ↑ 'Wrighte, of Cranham Hall' in John Burke, John Bernard Burke, A genealogical and heraldic history of the extinct and dormant baronetcies of England (London, 1838), p. 586; the date of Nathan Wright's marriage to Ann Fleming remains to be identified, as do details of the Fleming family
19. ↑ Daniel Lysons, 'County of Kent: Beckenham', The Environs of London, vol. 4: Counties of Herts, Essex & Kent (London, 1796), pp. 291-306. URL: [WWW]http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45478 Date accessed: 29 November 2011; see also 'Letter book of merchants trading to Alicante, Spain', DRO: Burdett family of Foremark: estate, family and personal papers: Family and Business Papers D5054/12 c.1540 - c.1710: D5054/12/3 1648-1652; and José Ignacio Martínez Ruiz, Perry Gauci, Mercaderes ingleses en Alicante en el siglo XVII: estudio y edición de la correspondencia comercial de Richard Houncell & Co (XXXX, 2008), pp. 115-125
20. ↑ PROB 11/274 Wootton 106-155 Will of Nathan or Nathaniell Wright of Saint Olave Hart Street, City of London 27 April 1658; Robert Burdett's knighthood and its date requires confirmation
21. ↑ Susan Wright's first husband, Charles Potts Esquire, was possibly a master of the bench of Middle Temple. See PROB 11/231 Brent 319-367 Will of Charles Potts of Middle Temple London 27 April 1653; Charles Potts was buried in the Temple Church. See Henry George Woods (ed.), Register of burials at the Temple Church, 1628-1853 (XXXX, 1905), p. 10. A Mr. Francis Drake is mentioned in Middle Temple records: "Mr. Francis Drake shall have an assignment in the chamber in Middle Temple Lane belonging to his brother, Sir William Drake, who has an assignment therein, on paying 51. fine for admission, and 20 marks for the assignment" See Charles Henry Hopwood (ed.), Middle Temple Records: 1650-1703, vol. 3 (London, 1905
22. ↑ Nathan Wright: SP 78/83 Order in Council concerning Nathan Wright and others residing at Bordeaux. 1628 Apr. 21
23. ↑ W. Noel Sainsbury (ed.), 'East Indies: December 1629', Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Persia, vol. 6: 1625-1629 (1884), pp. 692-699. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=71301 Date accessed: 30 November 2011
24. ↑ W. Noel Sainsbury (ed.), 'East Indies: August 1632', Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies and Persia, vol. 8: 1630-1634 (1892), pp. 276-285. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=71451 Date accessed: 30 November 2011.
25. ↑ 'January 25, 1640: Petition of James Marquis of Hamilton, Philip Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, Henry Earl of Holland, and the rest of the adventurers to Newfoundland, to the King' in W. Noel Sainsbury (ed.), 'America and West Indies: January 1640', Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, vol.1: 1574-1660 (1860), pp. 306-308. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=69183 Date accessed: 30 November 2011
26. ↑ 'House of Commons Journal Volume 7: 3 February 1652', Journal of the House of Commons, vol. 7: 1651-1660 (1802), pp. 79-83. URL: [WWW]http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=23943 Date accessed: 29 November 2011
27. ↑ For tobacco see: Letter 27: 'Leghorn. John Parsons (Alicante, 16-6-1648)' in José Ignacio Martínez Ruiz, Perry Gauci, Mercaderes ingleses en Alicante en el siglo XVII: estudio y edición de la correspondencia comercial de Richard Houncell & Co (XXXX, 2008), p. 137; for XXXX see: XXXX; for XXXX see: XXXX
28. ↑ José Ignacio Martínez Ruiz, Perry Gauci, Mercaderes ingleses en Alicante en el siglo XVII: estudio y edición de la correspondencia comercial de Richard Houncell & Co (Alicante, 2008), pp. 115-125
29. ↑ '22 February 1644: Ordinance for Importation of Bullion' in 'House of Lords Journal Volume 6: 22 February 1644', Journal of the House of Lords: volume 6: 1643 (1767-1830), pp. 436-439. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=37458 Date accessed: 30 November 2011
30. ↑ '14 September 1644 Ordinance securing to Nathan Wright, Francis Lenthall, and George Henly, merchants, the sum of £5,000 lent by them for the defence of Plymouth, Poole, and Lyme Regis'. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ordinances_and_Acts_of_the_Parliament_of_England,_1642%E2%80%931660, viewed 29/11/11; see also TNA, E 122/236/14 MISCELLANEOUS. Account of Nathan Wright and Francis Lentall "for 1/10th part more of the present custom and subsidy". 1643-45
31. ↑ 'Wright, no. 2', in Walter C. Metcalfe (ed.), The visitations of Essex by Hawley, 1552; Hervey, 1558; Cooke, 1570; Raven, 1612; and Owen and Lilly, 1634. To which are added Miscellaneous Essex pedigrees from various Harleian manuscripts: and an appendix containing Berry's Essex pedigrees (London, 1878), pp. 532-534. See http://www.archive.org/stream/visitationsofess1314metc#page/n7/mode/2up, viewed 30/11/11
32. ↑ Edward Hyde, The history of the rebellion and civil wars in England, to which is added an historical view of the affairs of Ireland, vol. 6 (Oxford, 1826), p. 500
33. ↑ '507. Acknowledgement by Cotington and Hyde, Mardrid, March 5, 1651' in William Henry Bliss (ed.), Calendar of the Clarendon State Papers Preserved in the Bodleian Library: From the death of Charles I, 1649, to the end of the year 1654, vol. 2 (Oxford, 1869), p. 53
34. ↑ '314. Proposals on behalf of Sir Benjamin Wright, May 26 1650' in William Henry Bliss (ed.), Calendar of the Clarendon State Papers Preserved in the Bodleian Library: From the death of Charles I, 1649, to the end of the year 1654, vol. 2 (Oxford, 1869), p. 60
35. ↑ '282. Memorial, draught by Hyde, Madrid April 16 1650' in William Henry Bliss (ed.), Calendar of the Clarendon State Papers Preserved in the Bodleian Library: From the death of Charles I, 1649, to the end of the year 1654, vol. 2 (Oxford, 1869), p. 53
36. ↑ 'Sir Benjamin Wright to secretary Thurloe', dated April 20th, 1655, vol. xxv. p. 301, in Thomas Birch (ed.), 'State Papers, 1655: April (3 of 6)', A collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe, vol.3: December 1654 - August 1655 (?London, 1742), pp. 364-379. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=55378 Date accessed: 30 November 2011
37. ↑ Anne Fanshawe, Memoirs of Lady Fanshawe: wife of Sir Richard Fanshawe, bart., ambassador from Charles the Second to the courts of Portugal and Madrid (London, 1830), p. 193
38. ↑ Ronald Walter Harris, Clarendon and the English Revolution (Stanford, 1983), p. 199