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| − | =Thomas Stanley=
| + | #redirect Thomas Stanley |
| − | '''b.1580/81, d.1669'''
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| − | Thomas Stanley, Maximilian Dalyson’s future father-in-law, was more than twenty-five years older than Elizabeth Dalyson, Maximilian’s mother. A picture of him was in existence at the Hamptons, West Peckham, in 1887, at the time of the publication of his selected correspondence in the Archaeologica Cantiana. However, it is probable that the portrait was destroyed in a fire which consumed the house shortly thereafter. Born in February 1580/81 in West Peckham, he was in his late sixties when he and Elizabeth entered into discussions about the marriage of their two children, Frances his only daughter and heir apparent, and Maximilian, Elizabeth’s only son. Both children were still minors. The “young couple” were fifteen and seventeen respectively when they met. Frances was Thomas’ only child by a third, late, marriage, at the age of fifty-two or fifty-three, to a much younger widow, Mary Duling. She had been married to William Duling, an alderman and former mayor of Rochester, who had run Thomas’ Rochester brewery.
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| − | His daughter would have been attractive to Elizabeth from the practical standpoint of money and property, given her own and her childrens’ financial vulnerabilities. Thomas Stanley was commercially successful, and had substantial wealth from diverse commercial interests, including owning brewery interests in Gravesend and Rochester, and other rent producing assets such as a fulling mill and tenements, together with the lending of money. Fifteen years before the marriage negotiations he assessed his wealth at over £10,000, and reported owning considerable property.
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| − | He had London connections, and may himself have been apprenticed in London. One brother, John Stanley, was a Cheapside goldsmith, and his nephew, William Stanley, gent., was a Middle Temple lawyer. This nephew was one of three sons of a Maidstone based brother, the eponymous William Stanley. Thomas had property dealings with his nephew. Dying relatively young the nephew noted in an addendum to his will of 1648 that he was “much oblidged and engaged unto my loving uncle.” In addition the nephew noted owning property himself in West Peckham.
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| − | However, Thomas’ strongest commercial links were in Kent. He appears to spent the early part of his commercial life in Gravesend, before moving subsequently to Maidstone, and then to West Peckham. As Portreve of Gravesend in 1611 (later again in 1616), he had drawn up a list of the 181 freemen of that town for that year. He had strong Maidstone connections, where he was a Jurat and mayor. He had been mayor of Maidstone (1625-1626, 1641-1642), in which town he owned property. He had clear commercial influence in both Gravesend and Rochester. His second brother, William Stanley, was a relatively wealthy mercer in Maidstone, who died in 1621. Thomas was his sole executor. By the time of the marriage negotiations he had moved his main residence from Maidstone to the Hamptons in West Peckham, which he had he inherited from his father, John Stanley, when in his late thirties (in March 1616-17).
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| − | His brother William Stanley’s widow, Adrie or Awdrey Stanley, went on to marry another commercial associate of Thomas Stanley, the brewer and alderman of Rochester, Barnabas Walsall. Barnabas became a commercial partner of Thomas Stanley, though there was some friction betwen them. Though a step-nephew, Barnabas was addressed by Thomas Stanley as 'son', SURELY BARNABAS WAS A "STEP BROTHER?", whereas the same Barnabas was addressed as 'father-in-law' by Thomas’ nephew, the lawyer William Stanley, who named him one of two executors.
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| − | It was Barnabas who effected the introduction between Thomas Stanley and Elizabeth Dalyson, as is mentioned in Thomas Stanley’s answer to the complaint of Sir Henry and Sir George Oxenden. A letter survives from Thomas to Barnabas Walsall in which he expresses obligation to Mrs Dalyson for her affections towards his daughter, but disapproves of his daughter meeting with her son “especially here at my house, until all other matters are in some measure agreed.” It is clear from this letter that Thomas Stanley’s wife was inclined towards another for their daughter, but that Stanley himself sees the advantages of a link with the Dalyson family. He instructed Walsall to arrange for Mrs. Dalyson to accompany Walsall on a casual visit to the Hamptons whilst noting “I am not p’vided for her enterteymn:t according to her worth.” After this visit “I may take occassion to see her son & soe p’ceed on or of as the cause shall requier.” A further letter from Thomas Stanley to Walsall, of the same date, states “Touching M:rs Dalyson I know not how to treat untill I can know the strength of my estate,” having reproved Walsall for neglecting Stanley’s business interests.
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| − | What of the practicalities? The two families lived just eight miles linked by the Rochester to Tonbridge road; Frances Stanley at the Hamptons in West Peckham, which lay equidistant between Tonbridge and Maidstone; Maximilian in Halling, just outside Rochester. Following the marriage Thomas Stanley executed a lease agreement with Elizabeth Dalyson for the Hamptons and presumably shortly thereafter Maximilian and his new wife established themselves there. Certainly by 1663 Thomas gave a different property as his own address, which was then in Plaxtol rather the Hamptons. It is unclear if and for how long Elizabeth Dalyson herself may have lived at the Hamptons with her son and daughter-in-law, or whether she stayed at Bishops Place, in Halling, the property owned by her deceased husband, where her children had been born. By the 1660s it is clear that Elizabeth had lodgings in London on Throgmorton Street, in the heart of the commercial city, though she continued to visit Kent, frequenting the three houses of the Hamptons, Dean and Langdon Abbey to see Dalyson, Oxenden and Master relations.
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| − | What can we tell from the size and configuration of Thomas Stanley’s Plaxtol home, as inventoried in 1669? There were ten rooms in the main building, four chambers being upstairs, one chamber down in the kitchin, and five rooms on the groundfloor (parlour, hall, study, kitchen and buttery). Probably separate from the main building were several buildings connected with food processing – the milk house, the brewhouse and washhouse, together with a brewhouse chamber, and a mill house. For agricultural purposes there were barns, a stable, yards, pastures, and a hop ground. This is a very different building and estate to Yotes Court in Mereworth, or the Stonepitts manor house in Seal, both owned by neighbours with whom Thomas Stanley had contact.
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| − | ----
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| − | ==Sources==
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| − | '''TNA'''
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| − | C 9/49/48 Dalison v. Oxenden 1667
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| − | C 9/40/57 Oxenden v. Dallison and Stanley 1668
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| − | C 9/240/194 Stanley v. Walsall 1650
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| − | C 10/14/38 William Cane v Barnabas Walsall and Thomas Stanley: Rochester, Kent 1651
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| − | C 22/58/39 Dalyson v. Oxinden. Between 1558 and 1714
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| − | C 22/968/8 Cane v. Stanley Between 1558 and 1714
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| − | PROB 4/9525 Stanley, Mary, of West Peckham, (late of Plextol), Kent 16[?78] 27 Mar. ?[1677]
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| − | '''PRC wills'''
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| − | Will of William Stanley, Mercer of Maidstone, Kent 05 September 1621 PROB 11/138 Dale 64 – 109
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| − | Will of William Stanley, Gentleman of Middle Temple London 11 October 1648 PROB 11/205 Essex 108 - 149
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| − | Will of Mary Stanley, Widow of Wrotham, Kent 12 February 1677 PROB 11/353 Hale Quire Numbers: 1 – 43
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| − | '''House of Lords Archives'''
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| − | HL/PO/JO/10/1/120 22 April 1642 -- Petition of Thomas Stanley, gent., mayor of Maidstone
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| − | '''Lambeth Palace Library'''
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| − | AA/V/H/97/1/132v 14 April 1669 Will of Thomas Stanley, Gentleman, Plaxtol, Kent
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| − | VH 96/6226 Inventory of Thomas Stanley
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| − | '''Kent Archival Service'''
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| − | U522 A3. 53, cited in Peter Clark, The English alehouse: a social history, 1200-1830 (London, 1983), p. 120, as source of information on the "accumulating estates of Thomas Stanley, the Rochester brewer"
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| − | CKS/Maidstone Borough/Court of Pleas/Files and Loose Papers MD/JBp1 1591-1755/MD/JBp1/15 Thomas Stanley 1641-1642
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| − | * See also Gervase Maplisden MD/JBp1/10 1635-1636
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| − | * See also Gervase Maplesden MD/JBp1/21 1646-1647; MD/JBp1/32 1658-1659
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| − | * See also Caleb Banks MD/JBp1/17 1644-1645, MD/JBp1/18, MD/JBp1/19; MD/JBp1/30 1657
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| − | * See also George Ongley MD/JBp1/27 1651-1652
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| − | '''Secondary books & journals'''
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| − | Cruden, Robert Peirce, The history of the town of Gravesend in the county of Kent, and of the port of London (London, 1843), p. 28
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| − | Hull, Felix, Guide to the Kent archives (XXXX, 1958), p. 174
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| − | Philpot, John, The visitation of Kent: taken in the years 1619-1623 (London, 1898), p. 55
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| − | ‘Letters of Thomas Stanley of Hamptons’ in Archaeologia cantiana, vol. 17 (London, 1887), pp. 353-372
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| − | = Barnabas Walsall=
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| − | '''b. abt, 1589, aft. 1653'''
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| − | The brewer, Barnabas Walsall, was born about 1589 in Maidstone, Kent. He married twice, firstly to Susan Willard in 1614, and secondly to Adrie or Awdrey Stanley sometime after 1621. Through his second marriage, which was to the widow of the mercer William Stanley, Thomas Stanley’s brother, he acquired a family link with Thomas Stanley, with whom he also appears to have had an extensive business relationship. Despite the apparent relationship of “step-brothers” between Thomas and Barnabas, Thomas addresses Barnabas in a letter(s) as “son.” Walsall was about eight years younger than Stanley.
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| − | The first part of Walsall’s commercial life was spent in Maidstone. Subsequently he moved to Rochester. By 1653 he had apparently been living in Rochester for about twenty years. Allegations were made in a chancery suit brought in 1653 by the Chatham gentleman William Cane to whom Walsall was indebted and in default, that Walsall had had severe business problems in Maidstone (perhaps a trigger for him to move to Rochester in the early 1630s?). Several of the deponents in the 1653 suit confirm that Walsall “fell into decay” in Maidstone, but that subsequent to moving from Maidstone to Rochester he had lived in “very good esteeme.” They confirm that he was well regarded enough to have been twice mayor of Rochester, first in XXXX and later in 1643. Walsall’s move to Rochester predates that of Stanley, who himself was mayor of Maidstone in 1642.
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| − | Despite public affirmations of Walsall’s good esteem in Rochester it seems likely that Walsall and Stanley had colluded to salvage Walsall’s financial position after his problems in Maidstone. Both were brewers, and both active in property purchases and sales. A telling interrogatory, the last of thirteen submitted by the plaintiff Cane in pursuance of his suit, which was against both Walsall and Stanley, asked whether Stanley did “size and take all his the said Walsall estate & xxx force the creditors of Walsall to some unreasonable composition.” The overall thrust of the interrogatories is to dissect the business relationship between the two, and to discover the true owner of different inns, brewhouses, and other properties which were linked to Walsall and Stanley. The suggestion was that Stanley was receiving rents on behalf of Walsall, who was the true, if not ‘legal’ owner of several of the leases.
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| − | It was Walsall who was responsible for making the introduction of Elizabeth Dalyson to Thomas Stanley prior to discussions of a potential marriage between their children. Several letters survive from both Walsall and Stanley in which they discuss Maximilian Dalyson’s interest in Stanley’s daughter and Stanley’s attitude and proposed approach to entering into discussions with Maximilian’s mother regarding a possible match and marital agreement.
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| − | ==Sources==
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| − | C 22/968/8 ff. 1-2
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| − | IGI, Sarah Willard
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| − | RCA_T1_006_13 7 September 1643, Barnabas Walsall, Mayor & Clement Brewer, Rochester, cordwainer, lease
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| − | '''Secondary books & journals'''
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| − | [http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3364/ - Kümin, Beat A. (2010) Brewing cultures in early modern towns : an introduction. Brewery History, Vol.135 . pp. 2-9]
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